<div dir="ltr"><br clear="all"><div class=""><h1>Are language policies enacted at independence practical?</h1></div> <div class=""><div id="attachment_11592" style="width:260px" class=""><img class="" src="http://www.unisa.ac.za/news/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/body7.jpg" alt="body7" height="244" width="250"><p class="">Prof
Dave Mutasa (Department of African Languages) looks at whether the
language policies enacted at independence were practical.</p></div>
<p><strong>The <a href="http://www.unisa.ac.za/Default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=143">Department of African Languages</a>
under the College of Human Sciences (CHS) recently hosted a seminar
presented by noted Shona lecturer and renowned linguistics professor,
Dave Mutasa. His field of interests include Shona linguistics and
literature; multilingualism and diversity; language planning and policy;
and language and migration. He has written extensive publications on
language and has presented more than 40 conference papers around the
world.</strong></p>
<p>The question he spoke on was what triggers the formulation of
language policies (LPs) enacted at independence? Mutasa said LPs are
predicated on the feeling of nationalism, some on economic exigencies
and viability. He believes that policies are politically motivated; some
are based on hidden agendas for indoctrination or ideological
orientation.</p>
<p>Many countries are determined to build their own national identity
and one of the manifestations of national identity is a change in
language policy, he said. He made an example of Malaysia when they
introduced Malay in primary schools and university, but failed to take
pragmatic concerns into account and ended up facing major challenges.</p>
<p>At independence, South Africa promoted 11 languages to official
status. This was hailed as one of the most progressive language policies
in the world. However, to what extent has the policy been pragmatic,
asked Mutasa. He quotes Prof Henry Thipa, former chair of the African
Languages Association of Southern Africa (ALASA), when he said: “In
schools the policy has remained intact, the promotion of indigenous
languages in formal education is extremely limited.”</p>
<p>The questions in Mutasa’s paper are:</p>
<ul><li>What influenced the choice of this language policy given the disparity between English and indigenous languages?</li><li>Why the “Afrikaans must fall campaign”, given the stipulations of the constitution?</li><li>Why do students opt for English and not indigenous African languages when they protest?</li><li>Why has the University of the Free State opted for English?</li></ul>
<p>Answering the above questions, Mutasa said yes, the recognition of
the 11 official languages was in accordance with the linguistic human
rights paradigm, which was essential if languages were to receive the
attention that they deserved. However, introducing indigenous African
languages as languages of learning and teaching for subjects other than
African Languages themselves in 1994 was an ambitious move because “it
was like pitting a small soccer team against a big team like Barcelona”.</p>
<p>According to Mutasa’s paper, lecturers of content subjects argue that
we do not have the technical jargon which is a prerequisite for
mother-tongue education. He went on to ask why language policies are not
pragmatic. It may mean that people fail to implement the language
policy. A policy may not have achieved its goal. This is because people
formulate language policies and sit back and expect things to just
happen. The question is who knows how to implement a language policy?</p>
<p>In conclusion, Mutasa’s paper suggests that for us to succeed, we
need time to develop languages. We also need to establish many language
academies; we need technological paraphernalia; we need
determination/willpower; we need timeframes and enforcement; and we need
crosschecks.</p>
<p>Mutasa said, in spite of the challenges in implementation, we should
continue to cherish our language policy for it accommodates all
languages. He said our languages are the quintessence of our humanity
and any language lost signifies great loss for humankind as the
accumulated knowledge, wisdom and values die with it, and furthermore
great traditions and culture would certainly die with it.</p>
<p>“Hence, languages have to continue to be accorded the attention they
deserve in terms of development but the process must be gradual because,
as alluded to, language policy implementation is more complex than mere
language use.”</p>
<p><em>*By Bryan Pilane</em></p><p><em><a href="http://www.unisa.ac.za/news/index.php/2016/05/are-language-policies-enacted-at-independence-practical/">http://www.unisa.ac.za/news/index.php/2016/05/are-language-policies-enacted-at-independence-practical/</a><br></em></p>
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