<div dir="ltr"><div class="">Mixed reactions to new university language policies</div>
<div class=""><span class="">Munyaradzi Makoni</span><span class="">08 July 2016</span> <span class="">Issue No:421</span></div><br><div class=""><div class=""><br>
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Following serial protests over the use of Afrikaans as a
language of instruction, the universities of Pretoria and Stellenbosch
last month adopted new language policies. The moves have raised the ire
of Afrikaans rights groups who accuse the institutions of turning their
backs on Afrikaners and their language.<br>
<br>
In a statement, the Stellenbosch University council said the new
language policy supports multilingualism without excluding students who
are not proficient in either Afrikaans or English. The two languages
will enjoy equal status from the beginning of next year, it said.<br>
<br>
At the University of Pretoria, meanwhile, English has been made the primary medium of instruction and assessment.<br>
<br>
George Steyn, Stellenbosch council chair, said the revised language
policy recognises the university as a national asset and reaffirms its
commitment to the users of Afrikaans, English and isiXhosa – the three
official languages of Western Cape province. <br>
<br>
“The institution uses its languages of choice to ensure that no student
or staff member is excluded from actively participating in its
activities,” he said.<br>
<br>
The university said the policy confirms that Stellenbosch is committed
to engaging with knowledge in a diverse society. It gives effect to the
Constitution of South Africa in relation to language usage in the
academic, administrative, professional and social contexts of the
university, and advances the institution’s own vision of being
inclusive, innovative and future-focused. <br>
<br>
<b>Practicability versus multilingualism</b><br>
<br>
The Stellenbosch student representative council or SRC said in a statement that the decision fosters inclusivity on the campus.<br>
<br>
“The SRC would like to reiterate that it does not believe that this is a
decision against any particular grouping, or the death of Afrikaans but
rather… the university trying to take a well-balanced decision to
tackle the issue of multilingualism in South Africa,” said James de
Villiers of the SRC.<br>
<br>
“It is our belief that the document strikes a difficult balance between practicability and the need for multilingualism.”<br>
<br>
Student movements like Open Stellenbosch led a series of protests last
year slamming what was seen as the special treatment of Afrikaans at the
university.<br>
<br>
Tempers ran high with those opposing the change at Stellenbosch arguing
that South Africa’s Constitution guaranteed everyone education in their
mother tongue, implying that Afrikaans-speaking communities had a
constitutional right to demand tertiary education in Afrikaans.<br>
<br>
<b>Equal participation</b><br>
<br>
However, this view has been challenged by Stellenbosch University’s
Professor Sandra Liebenberg who said the Constitution puts equal access
at the core of education.<br>
<br>
“[The Constitution] does not guarantee the unqualified right to mother
tongue education. It also doesn’t preclude the existence of
single-medium institutions. And, importantly, it sets out very specific
factors the state must consider in implementing the right. These are
equity, practicability and the issue of redress,” Liebenberg said,
according to <i>BusinessTech</i>.<br>
<br>
“This means that the right to higher education must be equally
accessible to all without any form of unfair discrimination. It must be
delivered in a way that allows everyone to participate equally.”<br>
<br>
At least one Stellenbosch council member resigned after the new language policy was passed.<br>
<br>
University councils at Stellenbosch and Pretoria have in the past
resisted moves to force universities to change their main language of
teaching to English.<br>
<br>
AfriForum, a non-governmental organisation which promotes the protection
of Afrikaans culture, is on record as saying it will fight for the
right to retain Afrikaans-only institutions, pointing out that any move
towards a dual-medium scenario in the past has ultimately led to a
school or university becoming exclusively English.<br>
<br>
<b>Case of Pretoria</b><br>
<br>
Meanwhile, the council of the University of Pretoria announced that its
new language policy, which makes English the primary medium of
instruction, will facilitate social cohesion and promote inclusivity. <br>
<br>
For students already registered, Afrikaans would be phased out gradually
but the implementation date of the new policy would be in line with the
Department of Higher Education and Training requirements to change the
statute of the university.<br>
<br>
“The goal of the new policy is to facilitate social cohesion and promote
inclusivity. The university will continue to embrace and encourage
multilingualism to foster unity and to provide equal opportunities to
speakers of all South African languages,” it said.<br>
<br>
The university has also decided that Afrikaans should be maintained as a
language of scholarship, while the development of Sepedi to a higher
level of scientific discourse would be supported and adequately
resourced.<br>
<br>
Economic Freedom Fighters Students Command, or EFFSC, welcomed the decision by Pretoria to adopt a new language policy.<br>
<br>
“This falling of Afrikaans is a sweet victory for us, for it goes far as
validating our aspirations towards a transformed University of
Pretoria,” spokesperson Peter Keetse said in a statement.<br>
<br>
The EFFSC, which runs the SRC at the University of Pretoria, had been
demanding that the university drop Afrikaans as a medium of instruction
and change the institution’s name to the University of Tshwane after the
metropolitan municipality in which it is located. The EFFSC said its
battle was against “institutionalised racism”.<br>
<br>
<b>The issue of cost</b><br>
<br>
The University of Pretoria’s branch of AfriForum rejected a report
compiled by an independent transformation panel that found that finances
played a role in the council’s decision to make English the primary
language of instruction from 2017.<br>
<br>
“Many arguments have been raised about the council’s decision, of which
one focused on finances. The University of Pretoria’s council held the
argument that a single language policy would be more cost-effective,”
said Henrico Barnard, spokesperson for AfriForum Youth’s branch at the
institution.<br>
<br>
“Here we have indisputable proof that the university would not have had
to incur additional expenses to retain Afrikaans as language of
instruction.”<br>
<br>
In a statement, Barnard accused the university of turning its back on
Afrikaans and Afrikaans speakers by taking a short-sighted decision to
meet the demands of a small group of radicals. He questioned the
university’s commitment to the development of other indigenous languages
and mother tongue education.<br>
<br>
Jaco Grobbelaar, coordinator of the same organisation, said the
university did not undertake a survey of the language needs of Pretoria
students as only one pro-Afrikaans representative served in the
university’s language working group. He argued that this resulted in a
complete ignoring of the voices of the Afrikaans student community.<br>
<br>
<b>Politics and ideology</b><br>
<br>
The FW De Klerk Foundation, established by former South African
president FW de Klerk, said the decision by the University of Pretoria
did not pass constitutional muster and left it open to legal challenges.<br>
<br>
The foundation said the right to choose a language of education should
have included present and potential students of the university, not only
Afrikaans-speaking students. Even those students who choose to be
taught in English exercise this right, it said. <br>
<br>
“The fact that there are now political and ideological reasons aired to
change the language to English does not render the use of Afrikaans as
unreasonable or reasonably impracticable,” the foundation said.<br>
<br>
“Neither does the fact (as the vice-chancellor [Professor Cheryl de la
Rey] points out in her letter to staff) that the proportion of students
expressing a preference for Afrikaans has 'declined sharply' to 18%.
Even if this number is taken at face value, it still represents
thousands of students who prefer to be taught in Afrikaans.”<br>
<br>
Meanwhile, on 20 June, the Bloemfontein High Court reserved judgement in
a matter that has challenged the University of the Free State's
decision to move from parallel language instruction to English.<br>
<br>
AfriForum and its trade union Solidarity – together with <i>amici</i>:
the Afrikaanse Taalraad, the Federation of Governing Bodies of South
African Schools and the South African Teachers' Union – lodged an
application to have the decision of the Free State senate and council
set aside. If this is granted it will force the university to go back to
the drawing board. <br><br><a href="http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20160706120904383">http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20160706120904383</a><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal, and to write directly to the original sender of any offensive message. A copy of this may be forwarded to this list as well. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br><br>For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to <a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>*******************************************</div>
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