<div dir="ltr"><h1 style="text-transform:inherit">Same as before </h1><div class=""><ul><li>Discriminatory provisions in the constitution have led to endless agitation and unrest</li></ul></div><div class=""> - <span class=""><a style="text-transform:inherit" href="http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/author/amar+kant+jha">Amar Kant Jha</a></span></div><div class=""><div id="carousel" class=""><div class="" style="height:auto!important;max-height:100%!important"><div class="" style="height:auto!important;max-height:100%!important"><img src="http://assets-cdn.ekantipur.com/images/third-party/miscellaneous/22072016082202amar-kant-1000x0.jpg" alt="" class=""></div></div></div> </div><div class="" style="width:100%;padding:2px;height:20px;margin:0px"><ins class="" style="display:inline-block;width:468px;height:15px"><ins id="aswift_2_expand" style="display:inline-table;border:medium none;height:15px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:468px;background-color:transparent"><ins id="aswift_2_anchor" style="display:block;border:medium none;height:15px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:468px;background-color:transparent"></ins></ins></ins> </div><p>Jul 22, 2016- <span style="line-height:1.6">Since
the new constitution of Nepal is non-inclusive and discriminatory,
long-marginalised groups like Madhesis, Tharus and other ethnic
communities have been holding various protests to secure their political
rights. One of the most discriminatory aspects of the constitution is
the way the seven federal provinces have been demarcated in open
violation of People’s Movement 2006, 12-point agreement signed between
the Seven-Party Alliance and the Maoists, and the various accords
reached between the state and </span><span style="line-height:1.6">the Madhesis, Tharus and other ethnic </span><span style="line-height:1.6">communities.</span></p><p><strong><span style="line-height:1.6">Purposeful restructuring</span></strong></p><p>Except
for Province 2, the other six provinces have been delineated in such a
manner that hill high castes form a majority of the population allowing
them to perpetuate their hegemony. The bottom line of the Madhesi-Tharu
agitators is the formation of two autonomous provinces in Tarai-Madhes.
If three eastern and nine western districts of Tarai-Madhes are included
in the two adjoining provinces of Tarai-Madhes instead of being
combined with hill provinces, this will help not only Tharus and
Madhesis but also enable Rais, Limbus, Magars and Gurungs to gain access
to state authority. If this is done, Rai-Limbu ethnic groups and high
hill castes will be almost equal in population in Province 1.</p><div class="" style="width:100%"><ins class="" style="display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px"><ins id="aswift_3_expand" style="display:inline-table;border:medium none;height:250px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:300px;background-color:transparent"><ins id="aswift_3_anchor" style="display:block;border:medium none;height:250px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:300px;background-color:transparent"></ins></ins></ins></div><p>Similarly,
if the western districts of Tarai-Madhes are included in Province 5,
and if Provinces 4, 6 and 7 are reorganised by retaining 10 hill
districts (Gorkha, Lamjung, Tanahu, Kaski, Manang, Mustang, Myagdi,
Baglung, Palpa and Syangja) in Province 4 and retaining 11 western
districts in Provinces 6 and 7, Magar-Gurung ethnic groups and high hill
castes will be almost equal in population in these provinces. This kind
of demarcation will allow all sizeable population groups to have a
proportional share in the power structure and the restructuring of the
state will, thus, be purposeful. </p><p>With regard to representation,
the constitution states that each province will elect eight members to
the National Assembly irrespective of its population. Accordingly,
Provinces 6 and 7 with a population of 397,537 will send eight members
each and Province 2 with a population of 5,402,346 will also send eight
members. This is is a glaring case of discriminatory representation.
Instead, the number of representatives should be determined on the basis
of the population of the province.</p><p><strong><span style="line-height:1.6">Linguistic policy</span></strong></p><p>Regarding
the choice of official languages for the federal and provincial
governments, the constitution states that Nepali shall be the official
language of the federal government, and in addition to Nepali, one or
two languages most widely spoken in the province can be adopted as its
official languages. Since Nepali shall be the official language of both
the federal and provincial governments, and since a province cannot
afford to use two or three languages for its official purposes, the
age-long monolingual policy favouring Nepali will persist.</p><p>As a
result of this monolingual policy, more than 2 million Nepalis have
abandoned their mother tongue and shifted to Nepali, resulting in
language loss or endangerment. Instead of such a discriminatory
linguistic provision, Nepali and one or two resourceful languages should
be adopted by the federal government as its official languages.
Meanwhile, the provinces may declare one or two languages or Nepali as
their official languages. Under this provision, the languages of the
province will get priority and help bring socio-economic transformation
among linguistically oppressed groups. The names of the languages used
by the federal and provincial governments should be listed in a separate
schedule of the constitution.</p><p>This kind of constitutional
provision is found in India, which is noted in the world for
safeguarding linguistic pluralism. According to the Constitution of
India, Hindi and English are the official languages of the federal
government while state legislatures can adopt any one or more of the
languages of the state for its official purposes. The South African
model is another option. The constitution of South Africa lists 10
indigenous languages and English as the official languages. The national
and provincial governments can select any two from the list for their
official purposes. Based on this model, we can enlist languages spoken
by at least one percent of Nepalis. Agreeing on any one of these
language policy models will promote multilingualism in our country. </p><p><strong><span style="line-height:1.6">Top constitutional posts</span></strong></p><p>The
Madhesi Front also disapproves of the constitutional provision which
prohibits naturalised citizens from assuming top constitutional posts.
Since Tarai-Madhes and the five neighbouring states of India have a
unique relationship, sharing an open border, common languages, cultures,
religions and history, and since both sides are connected by blood and
marriage, a great majority of the naturalised citizens in Nepal come
from Tarai-Madhes. They <span style="line-height:1.6">will be seriously affected by this provision, so it needs to go. The new constitution </span><span style="line-height:1.6">contains many such discriminatory provisions, provoking endless movements and unrest in the country. The top leaders of </span><span style="line-height:1.6">the
three big parties must be held responsible for the current political
chaos in the country. They rushed the constitution through the
Constituent Assembly without any serious discussion and backtracked </span><span style="line-height:1.6">on their promises to the people. They </span><span style="line-height:1.6">have a duty to initiate real negotiations with the agitating parties and resolve all constitutional issues.</span></p><p><em style="line-height:1.6">Jha is a retired Tribhuvan <span style="line-height:1.6">University professor</span></em></p><p><em style="line-height:1.6"><span style="line-height:1.6"><a href="http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-07-22/same-as-before.html">http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-07-22/same-as-before.html</a><br></span></em></p><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">**************************************<br>N.b.: Listing on the lgpolicy-list is merely intended as a service to its members<br>and implies neither approval, confirmation nor agreement by the owner or sponsor of the list as to the veracity of a message's contents. Members who disagree with a message are encouraged to post a rebuttal, and to write directly to the original sender of any offensive message. A copy of this may be forwarded to this list as well. (H. Schiffman, Moderator)<br><br>For more information about the lgpolicy-list, go to <a href="https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/" target="_blank">https://groups.sas.upenn.edu/mailman/</a><br>listinfo/lgpolicy-list<br>*******************************************</div>
</div>