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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Unicode is what makes use of text in diverse scripts so seamless (usually) on computers and across the internet. A technical but accessible overview with visualizations and zoom-in to aspects of use of the standard is available at <a href="http://reedbeta.com/blog/programmers-intro-to-unicode/">http://reedbeta.com/blog/programmers-intro-to-unicode/</a> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Unicode changed the “either-or” dilemmas of earlier alternative standards based on 256 characters (notably ISO/IEC 8859 series, but also a range of other standards and numerous “hacked” fonts substituting characters per need) to a “both-and” environment for digitized text based on a standard (Unicode & ISO/IEC 10646) that in principle accommodates all writing systems. From a policy and planning perspective(s), this seems to me to have had enormous implications for language use in the new technologies. Using one writing system does not come at the expense of ability to use another, hence no conflict on that technical level at least.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>One wonders if Unicode hadn’t yet been invented, whether it would be possible to introduce today, given the increasingly hyper-nationalist environment of some of the technically most advanced countries.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Don Osborn<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>