<div dir="ltr"><span id="gmail-m_2478764509378921023gmail-docs-internal-guid-41f04d74-f956-2f94-c02c-11408bf42086"><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">The World’s Endangered Alphabets</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="color:rgb(29,33,41);letter-spacing:-0.2pt">Dear language friends:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="color:rgb(29,33,41);letter-spacing:-0.2pt"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="color:rgb(29,33,41);letter-spacing:-0.2pt">The other day, at a conference, someone asked me, "So which alphabets *are* endangered? Do you have a list?" Which stopped me in my tracks because I know which alphabets I've carved, and which I know I'd like to carve, but as far as I know there's no catalogue of endangered writing systems. So we should create one.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="color:rgb(29,33,41);letter-spacing:-0.2pt">I say "we" because I'm constantly reminded how little I know, and how this field is changing and the definitions are flexible. I'd like to offer two things: a first-draft list of endangered writing systems for you all to add to, edit, or subtract from; and a first-draft definition of "endangered." Both are pretty volatile subjects, so let's head into this in a spirit of collaboration!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">I guess we should start with the definition, though this may in fact be the more difficult of the two. The way I think of an endangered writing system, it includes at least some of these qualities:</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px"> </p><p class="gmail-m_-3898466776201735023gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-size:12.8px">1.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span>Originally created/developed/adapted for general use, not only for the purposes of fiction/film/TV</p><p class="gmail-m_-3898466776201735023gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-size:12.8px">2.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span>Once in general use by at least a significant minority of the population</p><p class="gmail-m_-3898466776201735023gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-size:12.8px">3.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span>Not extinct—that is, still in use by some percentage of the population, even if only in a specialized context (such as for spiritual/sacred purposes)</p><p class="gmail-m_-3898466776201735023gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-size:12.8px">4.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span>No longer generally taught in schools</p><p class="gmail-m_-3898466776201735023gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-size:12.8px">5.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span>Lacking official status in the eyes of the government</p><p class="gmail-m_-3898466776201735023gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-size:12.8px">6.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span>Facing a clear and present danger from some cultural, military, political or economic threat that has the capacity to marginalize it within two generations</p><p class="gmail-m_-3898466776201735023gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-size:12.8px">7.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span>Having certain distinct qualities that make it different from other members of the same language family</p><p class="gmail-m_-3898466776201735023gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-size:12.8px">Please by all means suggest edits!</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Now here’s my list of endangered alphabets, derived largely from Omniglot, though I must stress I know very little about many of these languages/writing systems, and I’m sure there are others I don’t know. That’s why I’m reaching out to you! </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Ahom</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Arakanese</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Assyrian/Neo-Aramaic</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Bagatha</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Balinese</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Bamum/Shupamom</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Bassa Vah</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Batak</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Bats</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Baybayin</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Berber/Tifinagh/Tamazight</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Bilang-Bilang</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Bugis/Lontara</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Buhid</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Chakma</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Cham (Eastern and Western)</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Cherokee</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Chu-Nom</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Cree</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Dene Syllabics (Carrier)</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Eskayan</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Glagolitic</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Grantha</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Hanuno’o</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Inuktitut</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Javanese</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Kalmyk</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Kawi</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Khojki </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Kpelle</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Kulitan</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Lampung</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Lanna (Northern Thai)</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">(Loma)</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Makasar</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Maldivian/Thaana</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Manchu</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Mandaic</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Manipuri</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Marma</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">(Mende/Kikakui)</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Mongolian</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Mro</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Naxi/Dongba</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">New Tai Lue</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">N’Ko</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Nushu</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Pauauh Hmong</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Rejang/Bengkulu/Satera Jontal/Lembak/Lintang/Lebong/<wbr>Serawai/Kaganga</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Samaritan</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Sorang Sompeng</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Sui</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Sundanese</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Sylheti/Syloti-Nagri</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Syriac</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Tai Dam</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Vai</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Wolof/Garay</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Yi</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Thanks!</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px">Tim Brookes</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size:12.8px"><a href="http://www.endangeredalphabets.com/" target="_blank">www.endangeredalphabets.com</a></p></span></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 29, 2017 at 10:38 AM, Harold Schiffman <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:hfsclpp@gmail.com" target="_blank">hfsclpp@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Google Alerts</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:googlealerts-noreply@google.com" target="_blank">googlealerts-noreply@google.<wbr>com</a>></span><br>Date: Tue, Jun 27, 2017 at 10:05 AM<br>Subject: Google Alert - language policy<br>To: <a href="mailto:hfsclpp@gmail.com" target="_blank">hfsclpp@gmail.com</a><br><br><br> <div> <div>
<div style="width:100%;max-width:650px"> <div style="font-family:Arial"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;border-left:1px solid #e4e4e4;border-right:1px solid #e4e4e4"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#f8f8f8;padding-left:18px;border-bottom:1px solid #e4e4e4;border-top:1px solid #e4e4e4"></td> <td style="padding:13px 10px 8px 0px;background-color:#f8f8f8;border-top:1px solid #e4e4e4;border-bottom:1px solid #e4e4e4" valign="middle"> <a href="https://www.google.com/alerts?source=alertsmail&hl=en&gl=US&msgid=MTc5Mzg2MzMwOTU2NDg3MTM2MzE" style="text-decoration:none" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.google.com/intl/en/alerts/logo.png?cd=KhQxNzkzODYzMzA5NTY0ODcxMzYzMQ" alt="Google" height="25" border="0"> </a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f8f8f8;padding-left:18px;border-top:1px solid #e4e4e4;border-bottom:1px solid #e4e4e4"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:32px"></td> <td style="padding:18px 0px 0px 0px;vertical-align:middle;line-height:20px;font-family:Arial"> <span style="color:#262626;font-size:22px">language policy</span> <div style="vertical-align:top;padding-top:6px;color:#aaa;font-size:12px;line-height:16px"> <span>Daily update</span> <span style="padding:0px 4px 0px 4px">⋅</span> <a style="color:#aaa;text-decoration:none">June 27, 2017</a> </div> </td> <td style="padding-left:32px"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:18px"></td> <td style="padding:16px 0px 12px 0px;border-bottom:1px solid #e4e4e4"> <span style="font-size:12px;color:#737373"> NEWS </span> </td> <td style="padding-right:18px"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:18px"></td> <td style="padding:18px 0px 12px 0px;vertical-align:top;font-family:Arial"> <a></a> <div> <span style="padding:0px 6px 0px 0px"> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/samuel-smiths-pub-closes-over-swearing-ban-a3573681.html&ct=ga&cd=CAEYACoUMTc5Mzg2MzMwOTU2NDg3MTM2MzEyGmU4OGI0ZTFmY2ZkMjFjNDk6Y29tOmVuOlVT&usg=AFQjCNHRLB2Et8g-T34Wqflect7ZCmxlqw" style="color:#427fed;display:inline;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;line-height:20px" target="_blank"> <span>Samuel Smith's pub closes over swearing ban</span> </a> </span> <div> <div style="padding:2px 0px 8px 0px"> <div style="color:#737373;font-size:12px"> <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#737373"> <span>Evening Standard</span> </a> </div> <div style="color:#252525;padding:2px 0px 0px 0px;font-size:12px;line-height:18px">Samuel Smith's introduced an anti-bad <b>language policy</b> in April, vowing to ban swearing customers. Bemused drinkers were ordered to leave the ...</div> </div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:6px" width="16"> <a href="https://www.google.com/alerts/share?hl=en&gl=US&ru=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/samuel-smiths-pub-closes-over-swearing-ban-a3573681.html&ss=gp&rt=Samuel+Smith%27s+pub+closes+over+swearing+ban&cd=KhQxNzkzODYzMzA5NTY0ODcxMzYzMTIaZTg4YjRlMWZjZmQyMWM0OTpjb206ZW46VVM&ssp=AMJHsmVgLUhPMaHZiZm0sn-gdO4s3AzV3w" style="text-decoration:none" target="_blank"> <img alt="Google Plus" src="https://www.gstatic.com/alerts/images/gp-24.png" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a> </td> <td style="padding-right:6px" width="16"> <a href="https://www.google.com/alerts/share?hl=en&gl=US&ru=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/samuel-smiths-pub-closes-over-swearing-ban-a3573681.html&ss=fb&rt=Samuel+Smith%27s+pub+closes+over+swearing+ban&cd=KhQxNzkzODYzMzA5NTY0ODcxMzYzMTIaZTg4YjRlMWZjZmQyMWM0OTpjb206ZW46VVM&ssp=AMJHsmVgLUhPMaHZiZm0sn-gdO4s3AzV3w" style="text-decoration:none" 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style="text-decoration:none;vertical-align:middle;color:#aaa;font-size:10px" target="_blank"> Flag as irrelevant </a> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> </td> <td style="padding-right:18px"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:18px"></td> <td style="padding:18px 0px 12px 0px;vertical-align:top;border-top:1px solid #e4e4e4;font-family:Arial"> <a></a> <div> <span style="padding:0px 6px 0px 0px"> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&url=https://insidedefense.com/insider/activists-call-lawmakers-delete-foia-language-defense-policy-bill&ct=ga&cd=CAEYASoUMTc5Mzg2MzMwOTU2NDg3MTM2MzEyGmU4OGI0ZTFmY2ZkMjFjNDk6Y29tOmVuOlVT&usg=AFQjCNHLRbi8FwfwT0KTfJ3tUijAPkc-qQ" style="color:#427fed;display:inline;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;line-height:20px" target="_blank"> <span>Activists call on lawmakers to delete FOIA <b>language</b> from defense <b>policy</b> bill</span> </a> </span> <div> <div style="padding:2px 0px 8px 0px"> <div style="color:#737373;font-size:12px"> <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#737373"> <span>Inside Defense (subscription)</span> </a> </div> <div style="color:#252525;padding:2px 0px 0px 0px;font-size:12px;line-height:18px">A group of 31 activist organizations are urging lawmakers to take out <b>language</b> in the fiscal year 2018 defense <b>policy</b> bill that, if enacted, would exempt ...</div> </div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:6px" width="16"> <a href="https://www.google.com/alerts/share?hl=en&gl=US&ru=https://insidedefense.com/insider/activists-call-lawmakers-delete-foia-language-defense-policy-bill&ss=gp&rt=Activists+call+on+lawmakers+to+delete+FOIA+language+from+defense+policy+bill&cd=KhQxNzkzODYzMzA5NTY0ODcxMzYzMTIaZTg4YjRlMWZjZmQyMWM0OTpjb206ZW46VVM&ssp=AMJHsmWJULI4V6jBaTZQGZPuYZQ4VxGvxA" style="text-decoration:none" target="_blank"> <img alt="Google Plus" src="https://www.gstatic.com/alerts/images/gp-24.png" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a> </td> <td style="padding-right:6px" width="16"> <a 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href="https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/94113554/Language-helps-uncover-true-beauty-of-indigenous-culture-says-expert&ct=ga&cd=CAEYAioUMTc5Mzg2MzMwOTU2NDg3MTM2MzEyGmU4OGI0ZTFmY2ZkMjFjNDk6Y29tOmVuOlVT&usg=AFQjCNGEAbeOKtNYwA3fuEddNyCy9xH0Sw" style="color:#427fed;display:inline;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;line-height:20px" target="_blank"> <span><b>Language</b> helps uncover true beauty of indigenous culture, says expert</span> </a> </span> <div> <div style="padding:2px 0px 8px 0px"> <div style="color:#737373;font-size:12px"> <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#737373"> <span>Taranaki Daily News</span> </a> </div> <div style="color:#252525;padding:2px 0px 0px 0px;font-size:12px;line-height:18px">In the 1990s the Council of Indigenous Peoples was established in Taiwan, which put in place a set of projects and <b>policies</b> around <b>language</b> ...</div> </div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:6px" width="16"> 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style="color:#427fed;display:inline;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;line-height:20px" target="_blank"> <span>BMRCL gets notice for Hindi signboards</span> </a> </span> <div> <div style="padding:2px 0px 8px 0px"> <div style="color:#737373;font-size:12px"> <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#737373"> <span>Deccan Herald</span> </a> </div> <div style="color:#252525;padding:2px 0px 0px 0px;font-size:12px;line-height:18px">Why should we allow Hindi in Karnataka? Please remove all Hindi signboards and follow a 2 <b>language policy</b> in Karnataka, Kannada and English.</div> </div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:6px" width="16"> <a href="https://www.google.com/alerts/share?hl=en&gl=US&ru=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/618828/bmrcl-gets-notice-hindi-signboards.html&ss=gp&rt=BMRCL+gets+notice+for+Hindi+signboards&cd=KhQxNzkzODYzMzA5NTY0ODcxMzYzMTIaZTg4YjRlMWZjZmQyMWM0OTpjb206ZW46VVM&ssp=AMJHsmUjNZDuMk0-3YmtkcorUotjKZcsTA" style="text-decoration:none" target="_blank"> <img alt="Google Plus" src="https://www.gstatic.com/alerts/images/gp-24.png" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a> </td> <td style="padding-right:6px" width="16"> <a href="https://www.google.com/alerts/share?hl=en&gl=US&ru=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/618828/bmrcl-gets-notice-hindi-signboards.html&ss=fb&rt=BMRCL+gets+notice+for+Hindi+signboards&cd=KhQxNzkzODYzMzA5NTY0ODcxMzYzMTIaZTg4YjRlMWZjZmQyMWM0OTpjb206ZW46VVM&ssp=AMJHsmUjNZDuMk0-3YmtkcorUotjKZcsTA" 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