<div dir="ltr"><h1 id="gmail-skip-link-target" tabindex="-1" class="gmail-c-primary-title gmail-c-primary-title--news">‘Francisation’ failure stokes language fears in Quebec</h1> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-photo" id="gmail-fMG0ej2R79cBCq"> </div> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-meta" id="gmail-f0z4HELR79cBCq"> <div class="gmail-c-article-meta"> <div class="gmail-o-media"> <div class="gmail-o-media__media"> <div class="gmail-c-article-meta__image gmail-c-article-meta__image--small"> <a class="gmail-c-article-meta__image-link" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/robert-everett-green"> <img class="gmail-c-image" src="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/resizer/exQLI7w2yjfGlRmaL7Ig6v_-jME=/200x0/filters:quality(100)/s3.amazonaws.com/arc-authors/tgam/a28bafa8-839f-43a9-9304-3ac0196bccec.JPG" alt="Robert Everett-Green" width="200" height="150"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="gmail-o-media__body"> <div class="gmail-c-article-meta__bylines"> <a class="gmail-c-byline gmail-c-byline--link" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/robert-everett-green"> Robert Everett-Green </a> </div> <div class="gmail-c-article-meta__timestamps"> <time class="gmail-c-timestamp gmail-js-story-moment" datetime="2017-12-02T00:44:58Z">Published 3 days ago</time> <time class="gmail-c-timestamp gmail-u-visually-hidden" datetime="2017-12-02T00:48:54.594Z">Updated December 1, 2017</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gmail-c-article-body gmail-js-c-article-body gmail-u-clearfix"> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">I
heard it often last summer: a day-time chorus of adult voices reciting
elementary phrases in French, from the open windows of the school
opposite my Montreal apartment. That was the sound of crash courses
mandated by the province to make new immigrants functional in French.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">"<em>Francisation</em>"
is a cornerstone of immigration policy in Quebec, where more than
one-third of those arriving from other lands do not speak French. But
the policy's success may be more nebulous than anyone imagined,
according to a recent report that read like the script for every
francophone Quebecker's immigration nightmare.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">In
her latest report to the National Assembly, Auditor-General Guylaine
Leclerc revealed that fewer than one in 10 of the adult students who
enroll in the government's main <em>francisation</em> program become
proficient enough to work or do postsecondary studies in French. Only
28.3 per cent of eligible students even applied for the course in 2013,
down from 36.9 per cent three years earlier.</p> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-commercial-dfp-ads" id="gmail-"> <div class="gmail-"> </div> </div> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">Ms.
Leclerc outlined in blistering detail how the Ministry of Immigration,
Diversity and Inclusion (MIDI) watched a politically sensitive program
burn to the ground without ever investigating the cause of the fire.
MIDI had no idea why students did not <span style="font-size:inherit"><a id="gmail-PXLINK_1_0_0" class="gmail-pxInta" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/francisation-failure-stokes-language-fears-in-quebec/article37169358/#">register</a></span>, left early or failed to learn. It had done no formal evaluation of its <em>francisation</em> programs in over a decade. An internal audit commissioned in 2012 was still not finished when Ms. Leclerc came calling.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">All
this was headline news, as any story about bumbling, wasteful
bureaucracy would be (MIDI's language-support budget for 2016 was
$74.5-million). While a similar story in Ontario or B.C. might focus on
the money, the big concern in Quebec was the immigrants imagined to be
at large with no French, or – even worse – learning English as their
first official language.</p> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-asf-body-top" id="gmail-"> </div> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">More
than 90 per cent of new immigrants to the province settle in Montreal,
which means that the direct impact of MIDI's failure is geographically
limited. Language <span style="font-size:inherit"><a id="gmail-PXLINK_4_0_3" class="gmail-pxInta" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/francisation-failure-stokes-language-fears-in-quebec/article37169358/#">anxiety</a></span>
is so ingrained in francophone Quebec, however, that weakness anywhere
is felt as a threat to all. In August, Statistics Canada mistakenly
announced a small surge in English in a few places, prompting
apocalyptic forecasts that French was doomed in Quebec (Statscan later
erased the phantom blip, which was the result of a computer error).</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">Like
that fake news, but without misreporting anything, Ms. Leclerc's report
startled people into believing things are worse than they are. Other
provincial agencies run or finance French classes for immigrants, and
some, such as l'Emploi Québec, offer a heftier subsidy to full-time
students than MIDI does. Some departments may not keep prospective
students waiting 85 days to <span style="font-size:inherit"><a id="gmail-PXLINK_2_0_1" class="gmail-pxInta" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/francisation-failure-stokes-language-fears-in-quebec/article37169358/#">start</a></span>,
which is MIDI's leisurely "service target." Immigrants may also take
private courses, such as the advanced Concordia University evening class
I attended last year, in which I was almost the only student born in
Canada. Nobody knows how immigrants were distributed among all the
classes available, because there's no central registry.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">In
any case: Are immigrants who may or may not be taking courses having a
real effect on French usage in Quebec? The corrected figures from
Statistics Canada's August report showed that French remained the first
official language <span style="font-size:inherit"><a id="gmail-PXLINK_3_0_2" class="gmail-pxInta" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/francisation-failure-stokes-language-fears-in-quebec/article37169358/#">spoken</a></span>
among 83.7 per cent of the population, roughly the same proportion as
five years earlier. A recent study by the provincial Office québécois de
la langue française (OQLF) found "little change" in the workplace use
of French.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">The OQLF was strangely
complacent, however, about signs of increasing bilingualism, which for
francophones can be at least as troubling as French-less immigrants.
OQLF found that 89 per cent of Quebeckers worked "principally" in
French, but that figure includes some who use the language only half the
time. Statscan's measure of "predominant" usage excluded
language-parity situations, and found that a shrinking proportion –
fewer than 80 per cent – of Quebeckers work predominantly in French.
More workers were functioning more or less equally in both official
languages.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">In other parts of Canada,
bilingualism is seen as a concession to the French fact. For many in
Quebec, it's a path to final victory for North America's dominant
language. An economic immigrant able to learn both official languages
may see every advantage in drifting to English as the default – along
with francophone youth submerged in a largely anglophone internet. That
is the collective nightmare, given new life by MIDI's failure.</p> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-commercial-dfp-ads" id="gmail-"> <div class="gmail-"> </div> </div> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">"Bilingualism"
may be the wrong word, at least when it comes to communicating Quebec's
fear to the rest of the country. Maxime Laporte, president of the
pro-independence group Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal, suggests
we use a different term: "diglossia," meaning a situation in which two
languages or dialects are used in a single territory, but with different
levels of prestige. The problem in Quebec, Mr. Laporte writes in a
recent essay, is that English is still the <span style="font-size:inherit"><a id="gmail-PXLINK_5_0_4" class="gmail-pxInta" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/francisation-failure-stokes-language-fears-in-quebec/article37169358/#">glamorous</a></span> "high" tongue, "the language of business, success and the economic elite; the truly useful language."</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">As
long as that power imbalance persists between the languages,
francophones in Quebec will flinch at every rumour of even a small
erosion in French usage.</p> </div> <br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+<br><br> Harold F. Schiffman<br><br>Professor Emeritus of <br> Dravidian Linguistics and Culture <br>Dept. of South Asia Studies <br>University of Pennsylvania<br>Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305<br><br>Phone: (215) 898-7475<br>Fax: (215) 573-2138 <br><br>Email: <a href="mailto:haroldfs@gmail.com" target="_blank">haroldfs@gmail.com</a><br><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/" target="_blank">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/</a> <br><br>-------------------------------------------------</div>
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