<div dir="ltr"> <a class="gmail-c-skip-link gmail-c-skip-link--primary" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/francisation-failure-stokes-language-fears-in-quebec/article37169358/#skip-link-target">Skip to main content</a> <div id="gmail-pb-root" class="gmail-"> <section id="gmail-top-furniture-area" class="gmail-top-furniture--story"> <div class="gmail-pb-container"> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-generic-text" id="gmail-fFh0Z71wRZEsEq"> <div class="gmail-gtext"> <div class="gmail-gtext-body"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-global-header" id="gmail-fm7VT21wRZEsEq"> <div class="gmail-c-header-title gmail-c-header-title--article"> <div class="gmail-c-header-title__container"> <h2 class="gmail-u-visually-hidden"><br></h2> <div class="gmail-c-control gmail-c-control--menu-button"> </div></div></div></div></div></section></div><a class="gmail-c-header-title__anchor" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/" title="go to homepage"> </a> <h2 class="gmail-c-header-title--article__h2" style="right: 270px;">‘Francisation’ failure stokes language fears in Quebec</h2><br><div class="gmail-l-container"><div class="gmail-l-row"><section id="gmail-title-content-area" class="gmail-title-content--story gmail-l-col-1 gmail-l-col-sm-8 gmail-l-col-md-8 gmail-l-col-lg-8 gmail-l-offset-lg-2"><div class="gmail-l-row"><div class="gmail-pb-container"><div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-label-headline" id="gmail-fQ888W1wRZEsEq"><header class="gmail-o-primary-header"><h1 id="gmail-skip-link-target" tabindex="-1" class="gmail-c-primary-title gmail-c-primary-title--news">‘Francisation’ failure stokes language fears in Quebec</h1> </header> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="gmail-l-row"> <section id="gmail-main-content-area" class="gmail-main-content--story gmail-l-col-1 gmail-l-col-sm-8 gmail-l-col-md-8 gmail-l-col-lg-8 gmail-l-offset-lg-2"> <div class="gmail-l-row"> <div class="gmail-pb-container"> <article class="gmail-c-article gmail-c-article--column"> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-photo" id="gmail-f0L6L1AwRZEsEq"> </div> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-meta" id="gmail-fa0qA01wRZEsEq"> <div class="gmail-c-article-meta"> <div class="gmail-o-media"> <div class="gmail-o-media__media"> <div class="gmail-c-article-meta__image gmail-c-article-meta__image--small"> <a class="gmail-c-article-meta__image-link" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/robert-everett-green"> <img class="gmail-c-image" src="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/resizer/4J4UuYrRZqoj4EgL1c-7cUVlYYQ=/200x0/filters:quality(80)/s3.amazonaws.com/arc-authors/tgam/a28bafa8-839f-43a9-9304-3ac0196bccec.JPG" alt="Robert Everett-Green" width="200" height="150"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="gmail-o-media__body"> <div class="gmail-c-article-meta__bylines"> <a class="gmail-c-byline gmail-c-byline--link" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/authors/robert-everett-green"> Robert Everett-Green </a> </div> <div class="gmail-c-article-meta__timestamps"> <time class="gmail-c-timestamp" datetime="2017-12-02T00:44:58Z">Published December 1, 2017</time> <time class="gmail-c-timestamp gmail-u-visually-hidden" datetime="2017-12-02T00:48:54.594Z">Updated December 1, 2017</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-content" id="gmail-fTt9Og2wRZEsEq"> <div class="gmail-c-article-body gmail-js-c-article-body gmail-u-clearfix"> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">I
heard it often last summer: a day-time chorus of adult voices reciting
elementary phrases in French, from the open windows of the school
opposite my Montreal apartment. That was the sound of crash courses
mandated by the province to make new immigrants functional in French.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">"<em>Francisation</em>"
is a cornerstone of immigration policy in Quebec, where more than
one-third of those arriving from other lands do not speak French. But
the policy's success may be more nebulous than anyone imagined,
according to a recent report that read like the script for every
francophone Quebecker's immigration nightmare.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">In
her latest report to the National Assembly, Auditor-General Guylaine
Leclerc revealed that fewer than one in 10 of the adult students who
enroll in the government's main <em>francisation</em> program become
proficient enough to work or do postsecondary studies in French. Only
28.3 per cent of eligible students even applied for the course in 2013,
down from 36.9 per cent three years earlier.</p> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-commercial-dfp-ads" id="gmail-"> <div class="gmail-"> </div> </div> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">Ms.
Leclerc outlined in blistering detail how the Ministry of Immigration,
Diversity and Inclusion (MIDI) watched a politically sensitive program
burn to the ground without ever investigating the cause of the fire.
MIDI had no idea why students did not register, left early or failed to
learn. It had done no formal evaluation of its <em>francisation</em> programs in over a decade. An internal audit commissioned in 2012 was still not finished when Ms. Leclerc came calling.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">All
this was headline news, as any story about bumbling, wasteful
bureaucracy would be (MIDI's language-support budget for 2016 was
$74.5-million). While a similar story in Ontario or B.C. might focus on
the money, the big concern in Quebec was the immigrants imagined to be
at large with no French, or – even worse – learning English as their
first official language.</p> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-asf-body-top" id="gmail-"> </div> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">More
than 90 per cent of new immigrants to the province settle in Montreal,
which means that the direct impact of MIDI's failure is geographically
limited. Language anxiety is so ingrained in francophone Quebec,
however, that weakness anywhere is felt as a threat to all. In August,
Statistics Canada mistakenly announced a small surge in English in a few
places, prompting apocalyptic forecasts that French was doomed in
Quebec (Statscan later erased the phantom blip, which was the result of a
computer error).</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">Like that fake
news, but without misreporting anything, Ms. Leclerc's report startled
people into believing things are worse than they are. Other provincial
agencies run or finance French classes for immigrants, and some, such as
l'Emploi Québec, offer a heftier subsidy to full-time students than
MIDI does. Some departments may not keep prospective students waiting 85
days to start, which is MIDI's leisurely "service target." Immigrants
may also take private courses, such as the advanced Concordia University
evening class I attended last year, in which I was almost the only
student born in Canada. Nobody knows how immigrants were distributed
among all the classes available, because there's no central registry.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">In
any case: Are immigrants who may or may not be taking courses having a
real effect on French usage in Quebec? The corrected figures from
Statistics Canada's August report showed that French remained the first
official language spoken among 83.7 per cent of the population, roughly
the same proportion as five years earlier. A recent study by the
provincial Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF) found "little
change" in the workplace use of French.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">The
OQLF was strangely complacent, however, about signs of increasing
bilingualism, which for francophones can be at least as troubling as
French-less immigrants. OQLF found that 89 per cent of Quebeckers worked
"principally" in French, but that figure includes some who use the
language only half the time. Statscan's measure of "predominant" usage
excluded language-parity situations, and found that a shrinking
proportion – fewer than 80 per cent – of Quebeckers work predominantly
in French. More workers were functioning more or less equally in both
official languages.</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">In other parts
of Canada, bilingualism is seen as a concession to the French fact. For
many in Quebec, it's a path to final victory for North America's
dominant language. An economic immigrant able to learn both official
languages may see every advantage in drifting to English as the default –
along with francophone youth submerged in a largely anglophone
internet. That is the collective nightmare, given new life by MIDI's
failure.</p> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-commercial-dfp-ads" id="gmail-"> <div class="gmail-"> </div> </div> <div id="gmail-js-ad-slimcut-wrapper" class="gmail-c-ad gmail-c-ad--slimcut"> <div class="gmail-c-ad__wrapper"> <p class="gmail-c-ad__message">Story continues below advertisement</p> </div> </div> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">"Bilingualism"
may be the wrong word, at least when it comes to communicating Quebec's
fear to the rest of the country. Maxime Laporte, president of the
pro-independence group Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal, suggests
we use a different term: "diglossia," meaning a situation in which two
languages or dialects are used in a single territory, but with different
levels of prestige. The problem in Quebec, Mr. Laporte writes in a
recent essay, is that English is still the glamorous "high" tongue, "the
language of business, success and the economic elite; the truly useful
language."</p> <p class="gmail-c-article-body__text">As long as that power
imbalance persists between the languages, francophones in Quebec will
flinch at every rumour of even a small erosion in French usage.</p> </div> </div> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-correction" id="gmail-f0HB9E9wRZEsEq"> </div> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-asf-body-bottom" id="gmail-fYpxm62wRZEsEq"> </div> <div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-article-disclaimer" id="gmail-fsGxZN1wRZEsEq"> </div><br></article><div class="gmail-article-related-content-chain gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-chain gmail-pb-c-article-related-content" id="gmail-c0bwgnEwRZEsEq"><div class="gmail-u-wrapper gmail-pb-feature gmail-pb-layout-item gmail-pb-f-related-articles" id="gmail-f0N7emjwRZEsEq"><aside class="gmail-o-related-articles"><div class="gmail-o-related-articles__cards"> <div class="gmail-o-card gmail-o-card--story"> <a class="gmail-o-card__link" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/quebec-lawmakers-pass-motion-calling-on-store-clerks-to-use-bonjour-greeting/article37138862/"> <div class="gmail-o-card__content"> <div class="gmail-o-card__col"> <span class="gmail-o-card__content-group"> <span class="gmail-o-card__content-text">Quebec passes motion calling on store clerks to greet customers with 'bonjour'</span> </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="gmail-o-card gmail-o-card--story"> <a class="gmail-o-card__link" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/quebec-yawns-as-frances-grammar-war-escalates/article37128061/"> <div class="gmail-o-card__content"> <div class="gmail-o-card__col"> <span class="gmail-o-card__content-group"> <span class="gmail-o-card__content-text">Quebec yawns as France’s grammar war escalates</span> <span class="gmail-c-indicator-icon"> <span class="gmail-u-visually-hidden">Subscriber content</span> </span> </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="gmail-o-card gmail-o-card--story"> <a class="gmail-o-card__link" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/quebec-judge-stays-controversial-face-cover-law-bill-62/article37169426/"> <div class="gmail-c-label--card gmail-c-label--card--muted"> <span class="gmail-c-label--card__content">RELIGION AND SECULARISM</span> </div> <div class="gmail-o-card__content"> <div class="gmail-o-card__col"> <span class="gmail-o-card__content-group"> <span class="gmail-o-card__content-text">Quebec judge stays controversial face-cover law Bill 62</span> </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="gmail-o-card gmail-o-card--story"> <a class="gmail-o-card__link" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/yes-the-quebec-language-police-does-serve-a-purpose/article36329861/"> <div class="gmail-o-card__content"> <div class="gmail-o-card__col"> <span class="gmail-o-card__content-group"> <span class="gmail-o-card__content-text">Yes, the Quebec ‘language police’ does serve a purpose</span> </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </aside> </div><br></div></div></div></section></div></div></div>