<div dir="ltr"><h3 id="gmail-DailyNewsHeadline">Hoërskool Overvaal vs Panyaza Lesufi: The High Court Judgment</h3>
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Prinsloo J |
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<div class="gmail-article-date">
19 January 2018
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The full text of the damning ruling against the Gauteng Education Dept.
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<p><b>IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA</b></p>
<p><b>GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA</b></p>
<p align="right"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>CASE NO</span></span><span>: 86367/2017</span></p>
<p align="right"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>DATE</span></span><span>: 2018-01-15</span></p>
<p><span>In the matter between</span></p>
<p><span>GOVERNING BODY HOËRSKOOL OVERVAAL - APPLICANT</span></p>
<p><span>and</span></p>
<p><span>HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION - RESPONDENT</span></p>
<p align="center"><b><span>JUDGMENT</span></b><span></span></p>
<p><b><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span>PRINSLOO (J)</span></span></b><b><span>: </span></b><span>This
matter came before me in the urgent Court of last week during the
session of 9 to 12 January. The case had to stand down until Thursday 11
January because of the late filing of a replying affidavit. I heard
lengthy argument on 11 and 12 January and when the court adjourned at
19:00 on Friday 12 January I undertook to give judgment this afternoon
Monday 15 January.</span></p>
<p><span>Logistically there was no opportunity to prepare a written more
comprehensive judgment. I regret this because delivering an extempore
judgment as I will do this afternoon can be a time consuming affair and I
apologise to those present in this very hot courtroom.</span></p>
<p><span>On Thursday I also heard argument on two point in limine raised
by the respondents namely that no case for urgency had been made out
and also that the application was bad for non-joinder. I delivered two
separate judgments both in favour of the applicants. It is not necessary
to revisit details of those judgments.</span></p>
<p><span>In essence the urgent relief sought is the reviewing and
setting aside of an instruction issued on 5 December 2017 by the
District Director (Second Respondent) to the principal of Hoërskool
Overvaal, a single medium Afrikaans secondary school which is the second
applicant to place 55 grade eight English learners with the school for
the 2018 school year starting on 17 January.</span></p>
<p><span>Broadly speaking the School Governing Body (SGB) which is the
first applicant argues that the school is full to capacity; that
neighbouring English medium schools have sufficient capacity to
accommodate 55 grade eight English learners. That the second
respondent’s instruction is procedurally flawed and also unlawful and
that it also offends against the school’s language police.</span></p>
<p><span>These contentions are in dispute. Before me Mr Lamey appeared
for the applicants and Mr Toma appeared for the respondents. I turn to a
brief synopsis and background sketch. The second applicant is an
Afrikaans single medium high school (“The School”) situated in the
Vereeniging area. It is a public school as defined in Section 1 of the
South African School’s Act 84 of 1996 (“The Act”).</span></p>
<p><span>In terms of Section 15 of the Act every public school is a
juristic person with legal capacity to perform its functions in terms of
the Act. I was informed by counsel that such school is also an organ of
state as defined in the constitution.</span></p>
<p><span>The first applicant is the governing body of the second
applicant. The first applicant is a governing body as contemplated in
Section 16 (1) of the Act which provides: “Subject to the Act the
governance of every public school is vested in its governing body and it
may perform only such functions and obligations and exercise only such
rights as prescribed by the Act”.</span></p>
<p><span>The first four respondents are the provisional and national
government officials as described in the heading and will be referred to
where applicant in this judgment. The fifth respondent is the principal
of the school.</span></p>
<p><span>The sixth and seventh respondents are two neighbouring English
single medium schools also with the status of public schools as intended
by Section 15 of the Act. It is useful and relevant for present
purposes to at this point mention brief details of the locality of the
school and some neighbouring schools.</span></p>
<p><span>The school is situated in a suburb of Falcon Ridge in
Vereeniging and on the border between Sonland Park and Falcon Ridge. The
Department of Education of Gauteng Province has created certain school
districts, each with a district director. As such Overvaal falls within
the Sedibeng East district apart from Overvaal there are five other
secondary or high schools in the town of Vereeniging which fall within
the same school district and which are in relative close proximity to
one another.</span></p>
<p><span>This is relevant because in terms of Regulation 510 which are
the regulations relating to the admission of learners to public schools
(“The Admission Regulations”) promulgated in terms of the Gauteng
School’s Education Act 6 of 1995 (“The Gauteng Act”) with commencement
date 3 July 2001. </span></p>
<p><span>The District Director (Second Respondent) in placing a learner
at a particular school must apart from considering the proximity of the
school to the learner’s residence or the parent’s workplace also
consider the capacity of the nearest school to accommodate the learner
relative to the capacity of other schools in the district. These other
neighbouring schools are:</span></p>
<p><span>1. General Smuts High School and English Medium (the seventh respondent).</span></p>
<p><span>2. Phoenix High School an English single medium secondary school (the sixth respondent).</span></p>
<p><span>3. Drie Riviere High School a double medium Afrikaans/English secondary school.</span></p>
<p><span>4. Riverside High School an English single medium secondary school.</span></p>
<p><span>5. Hoërskool Gimnasium (formerly Vereeniging Hoërskool) a single medium Afrikaans High School.</span></p>
<p><span>According a printout of an extract from Google Maps attached to
the founding papers in order to give an overview of the locality of the
aforesaid schools in relation to Overvaal, Overvaal is located
approximated the following distances from neighbouring school:</span></p>
<p><span>1. From General Smuts High School eight kilometres.</span></p>
<p><span>2. From Phoenix High School eight kilometres.</span></p>
<p><span>3. From Drie Riviere High School eight kilometres.</span></p>
<p><span>4. From Riverside High School ten kilometres.</span></p>
<p><span>5. From Hoërskool Gimnasium six kilometres.</span></p>
<p><span>Of all the aforesaid schools in the town of Vereeniging only
Overvaal and Hoërskool Gimnasium are single medium Afrikaans schools.</span></p>
<p><span>I turn to mentioning some statutory provisions by which basic
education in public schools including the admission of learners to such
schools which is the central issue in dispute in this case is
government. They can be tabulated as follows:</span></p>
<p><span>The Act, the Gauteng Act, the admission regulations, the
regulations relating to minimum uniform norms and standards for public
school infrastructure which was published in the Government Gazette on
29 November 2013 in terms of Section 5 (K) (1) (a) of the Act, the norms
and standards for language policy in public schools determined by the
minister of basic education (fourth respondent), in terms of Section 61
of the Act and also determined in terms of the language and education
policy, in terms of Section 3 (4) (m) of the National Education Police
Act 27 of 1996.</span></p>
<p><span>In terms of Section 5 (5) of the Act the admission policy of a
public school is determined by the governing body of a school subject to
the Act and any applicable provincial law. In terms of Section 6 (2) of
the Act the governing body of a public school is empowered to determine
the language policy of a public school subject to the constitution, the
Act and applicant provincial law.</span></p>
<p><span>It is trite law that the exercise of the powers and duties of a
Head of Department which is the first respondent and the District
Director which is the second respondent in terms of the admission
regulations and other laws is subject to the legality principle and also
amount to administrative action and as such is subject to review in
terms of the promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 (“Paja”).</span></p>
<p><span>Where the language policy of the school also comes into play in
this dispute it is convenient to make a few remarks in regard thereto. I
have mentioned that the governing body (here the first applicant also
commonly referred to in the papers as the SGB or School Governing Body)
may determine the language policy of the school.</span></p>
<p><span>Section 6 (2) of the Act to which I have referred stipulates
that: “The governing body of a public school may determine the language
police of the school subject to the constitution. This Act and any
applicant provincial law. It is actually subject to the constitution,
this Act and any applicable provincial law.”</span></p>
<p><span>Section 18 (A) of the Gauteng Act provides: “(1) The governing
body of a public school must determine the language policy of the school
subject to the constitution, the South African School’s Act 1996 (Act
84 of 1996). This Act and any norms and standards for language police in
public schools as determined by the Minister in consultation with the
Department. (2) The governing body of a public school must submit a copy
of the school’s language policy to the member of the executive counsel
for vetting and noting within 90 days of coming into office and as may
be required. (3) If at any time the member of the executive council has
reason to believe that the language policy of a public school does not
comply with the principals set out in Subsection 1 above or the
requirement of the constitution the member of the executive council
after consultation with the governing body of the school concerned
direct that the language policy of the school be formulated in
accordance with Subsection 1.”</span></p>
<p><span>I now turn to a chronological sequence of events which in
essence led to the dispute which ultimately inspired the applicants to
seek relief in the form of this urgent application. I have mentioned
that in terms of the Act the governing body or SGB is empowered to
determine the admission policy of the school.</span></p>
<p><span>Section 5 (5) of the Act stipulates that: “Subject to this Act
and any applicable provincial law the admission policy of a public
school is determined by the governing body of such school.”</span></p>
<p><span> In this case much turns on the capacity of the school to
accommodate learners and more particularly for present purposes grade
eight learners for the 2018 school year. Broadly speaking the applicant
contend that the school is actually operating beyond its capacity.
Whereas it is argued by the respondents that the school has not reached
full capacity and is in a position to accommodate more learners for
2018, more particularly 55 English grade eight learners to which I will
refer in due course.</span></p>
<p><span>One of the main areas of dispute turns on the number of
learners per class which ought to be accommodated. The respondents
contend for 40 whilst the applicants contend that the present ratio of
36 per class prevailing at the school already exceeds relevant safety
limits prescribed by expert consultants approached by the school for
advice. The respondents also argue that the 17 classrooms of the school
ought to be increased by converting some of the laboratories of the
school into classrooms.</span></p>
<p><span>Of particular importance regarding the dispute about the
capacity of the school in my view is what I consider to be compelling
evidence to the effect that neighbouring English medium school, notably
the sixth and seventh respondents have capacity to accommodate many more
than 55 grade eight English pupils for 2018. This is why the applicants
when launching this urgent application joined these two respondents as
interested parties.</span></p>
<p><span>Evidence of the capacity of those two schools was tendered in
the founding papers by the chairperson of the first applicant who naming
the two principals testified that they informed him of the additional
capacity. In the opposing affidavit this evidence was rejected as
inadmissible hearsay and the deponent (second respondent) declared under
oath that these schools are “full to the brim”.</span></p>
<p><span>Attached to the replying affidavit filed on 9 January one finds
written communications by both these principals confirming the extra
capacity. There is no suggestion that the respondents made any effort to
verify the capacity of these two schools before filing the opposing
affidavit.</span></p>
<p><span>To counter the complaint that the evidence of the two
principals as conveyed to the SGB chairperson amounts to inadmissible
hearsay and also to deal with the vague statement of the respondents
that both schools were “full to the brim” the chair person as he was
entitled and supposed to do obtained affidavits from both these
principals.</span></p>
<p><span>It is convenient and important to quote the content of these
two affidavits both deposed to under oath before different commissioners
of oaths on 8 January and attached to the 9 January replying affidavit.
I am not mentioning the names of the principals, although of course
their names appear on the affidavits which form part of the record.</span></p>
<p><span>The principal of Phoenix High School whom I will refer to as Mr
B or B says the following on oath on 8 January 2018: “To whom it may
concern, I AB in my capacity as principal at Phoenix High School
Vereeniging and as employee of the Gauteng Department of Education
hereby state that I am staying neutral in the case of Hoërskool Overvaal
against the Department of Education.</span></p>
<p><span>I acknowledge that I was contacted around the 15 November 2017
about numbers where we only had 56 pupils in our admissions list that
was accepted and registered on our school’s system. At this currently
stage we have about 740 learners expected to arrive on the first day of
school in January 2018 from grade eight to grade 12. Our feeder area
correlates with that of Hoërskool Overvaal as by the five kilometre
radius set out by the Department of Education. Yours in Education, Mr AB
Principle.”</span></p>
<p><span>As I said it was deposed to before a commissioner of oaths. Mr
AB also on 8 January 2018 in a separate document also deposed to on oath
says the following: “To whom it may concern, additional information to
my initial affidavit. We currently have approximately 125 grade eight
learners registered on our system for 2018. We have the capacity to take
up to 240 learners for grade eight. Yours in Education” as he quaintly
put is, “Mr AB Principle”.</span></p>
<p><span>The principle of General Smuts High School to whom I will refer
to as Mr M or Mr JLM says the following in his affidavit deposed to
before a commissioner of oaths dated 8 January 2018: “To whom it may
concern, the purpose of this letter is to verify that General Smuts High
School still have place for learners for the 2018 academic school year.
We have been gradually been losing learners which meant a reduction in
staff due to the staff post establishment regulations. We started last
year with about 1 572 learners and ended with around 1515.</span></p>
<p><span>Our enrolment for 2018 grade eight stands 215 (confirmed) plus
another 87 for who we have applications forms but they have not yet
registered with us. Last year we ended up with 337 learners in grade
eight. There is therefore a definite capacity to enrol more grade eight
learners.</span></p>
<p><span>We have had an enrolment of 1 800 before so can take that
amount if necessary but over the last years averaged 1 700 until Phoenix
opened their doors. Since then our learner enrolment have been in the
1 500 plus category.</span></p>
<p><span>Although I have forwarded this information to you the position
of this institution remains a neutral one and I have forwarded this
information to you on your request. Yours Sincerely JLM Principle.”</span></p>
<p><span>It does not state to whom this was addressed but it may well
have been the first applicant or his attorney. This is important
evidence which no doubt serves as strong support for the case of the
applicants in view of the applicable statutory provisions and other
considerations.</span></p>
<p><span>Sadly there was a dramatic development on 11 January when the
respondents no doubt realising the significance of these affidavits for
their case applied to file new evidence in the form inter alia of
shorthand written affidavits by the same two principles dated 9 January
to the effect that the affidavit they had made on 8 January were after
all incorrect and their schools are in fact full.</span></p>
<p><span>I ruled that the second respondent should file an affidavit if
so advised to explain why new evidence should be admitted and gave the
applicants leave to answer if so inclined. On Friday evening 12 January
after hearing counsel I ruled that the affidavits would be received as
part of the record for consideration. I will revert to this “sting in
the tail” development later in this judgment.</span></p>
<p><span>On this subject of capacity it is important to have regard to
the provisions of Section 5 of the Admission Regulations as well as
Regulation 8. Regulation 5 (8) provides: “Notwithstanding the provisions
of any school admission policy, in the case of a learner who has not
been placed at any school within 30 days after the end of the admission
period the District Director may place that learner at any school: (a)
which has not been declared full in terms of Regulation 8; (b) in
respect of which there are no remaining unplaced learners on a waiting
list.”</span></p>
<p><span>Regulation 5 (9) stipulates: “Within 45 school days after the
end of the admission period the Head of Department must ensure that
every learner who has applied to a school within the province is placed
at a school within the province.”</span></p>
<p><span>Regulation 5 (10) provides: “In placing a learner at a
particular school in terms of Sub-regulation (8) and (9) above, the
District Director and Head of Department respectively shall have regard
to; (a) the proximity of the school to the learner’s place of residence
or his/her parent’s place of work; (b) the capacity of that school to
accommodate that learner relative to the capacity of other schools in
the district.”</span></p>
<p><span>Regulation 8 provides: (1) notwithstanding the provisions of
the admission policy of a school or the provisions of any national or
provincial delegated legislation or any determination made in terms
thereof for the purpose of placing learners whose applications for
admission have not been accepted at any school in the public schooling
system until such time as norms and standards contemplated in Section 5
(A) (2) (b) of the South African Schools Act are enforced the objective
entry level learner enrolment capacity of a school shall be determined
by the Head of Department. (2) The Head of Department or his or her
delegate may on his or her own initiative or at the request of the
school itself declare the school to be full for the purposes of entry
level admissions at the school. (3) The school that has reached its
objective entry level enrolment capacity must be declared full by the
Head of Department or his or her delegate for the purpose of entry level
admissions. (4) a school that is declared full by the Head of
Department of his or her delegate for the purpose of entry level
admissions will be informed in writing.” I add that it is common cause
that the norms and standards contemplated in Section 5 (A) (2) (b) of
the Act are not yet enforced.</span></p>
<p><span>I make the following observations:</span></p>
<p><span>1. Regulation 5 (8) is not couched in peremptory terms in view of the use of the word “may”.</span></p>
<p><span>2. It is common cause that the Head of Department (HOD) who is
also the first respondent never determined the objective entry level
learner enrolment capacity. He is the only official authorised to do so
given the mandatory language and the use of the word “shall” in
Regulation 8 (1).</span></p>
<p><span>3. On the weight of the evidence to which I will make more
references I have come to the conclusion that the school has reached its
objective entry level learner capacity in the spirit of Regulation 8 so
that the HOD “must” in any event declare it full so that Regulation 5
(8) (a) probably cannot be applied.</span></p>
<p><span>4. In any event before placing learners in the spirit of
Regulation 5 (8) the second respondent and HOD are implored in
peremptory language “shall” to have regard to the capacity of the school
to accommodate the learners “relative to other schools in the
district”. The “objective entry enrolment capacity” is defined as
follows in the Admission Regulations: “Means the act of officially
admitting a learner (s) to a total school programme in the maximum
amount that the school can accommodate in a classroom and / or
facilities as determined by the HOD on consideration of, amongst others
the following factors: The availability of space, classroom and
educators; resources linked to teaching and learning; available state
resources; and the immediate need of the learner (s) to receive basic
education.”</span></p>
<p><span>As pointed out earlier the second respondent and the HOD did
not as implored in peremptory language have regard to the capacity of
the school to accommodate the learners “relative to other schools in the
district”. Had they made the effort they would inevitably have
discovered the abundance of capacity of at least the sixth and seventh
respondents as described. I make this remark despite the new evidence
submitted, details of which I will refer to later.</span></p>
<p><span>This would have precluded them from placing any more children with the school let alone:</span></p>
<p><span>1. English children at an Afrikaans medium school when there
was ample room for them in neighbouring English medium schools. In any
event such placements offends against the norms and standards for
language policy in public schools published in terms of Section 6 of the
Act by the then Minister of Education as will be pointed out and;</span></p>
<p><span>2. Doing so at a school used to capacity after the schools had
closed for the December holiday by insisting that in the nick of time
during the holiday period some laboratories of the school had to be
restructured into extra classrooms when as will appear later they were
already in full use as they are today during the 1980’s.</span></p>
<p><span>The school building was initially commissioned on 1 January
1980. Any attempt to restructure the facilities or dispose thereof will
not be in the interest of the school and its learners. As recently as
2016 the department itself authorised the school to offer a new subject
as part of an expanded curriculum programme.</span></p>
<p><span>For this purpose one of the 18 classrooms had to be specially
converted leaving the total number of ordinary classrooms at 17. The
letter which the department wrote to the school’s principal the fifth
respondent on 19 April 2016 reads as follows:</span></p>
<p><span>“Dear Colleague, it is my pleasure to inform you that the
school has met all the conditions for full approval to offer electrical
power systems. Please inform your school management team of this
decision. With thanks, Don Harry Persat, Director FET CC. Date 19 April
2016.”</span></p>
<p><span>A copy of the letter was sent to the then District Director Ms
Maloi who did not object to this development. Now it appears that the
respondents are attempted to force the applicants in an arbitrary
fashion on very short notice to convert to a double medium institution
when it is not practically possible to do so.</span></p>
<p><span>I make some more remarks about capacity. Section 5 (A) of the
Act deals with minimum norms and standards which the Minister may
prescribe by regulation for basic infrastructure and capacity in public
schools. Section 5 (A) (2) provides that these minimum contemplated in
respect of school infrastructure must provide for but need not be
limited to “…vi laboratories for science, technology, mathematics and
life sciences.</span></p>
<p><span>In the replying affidavit the arbitrary allegation by the
respondents in the opposing affidavit that the school has 21 classes is
denied and the document signed by the school official Mr Esbend as
recently as November 2017 confirming that there are 17 classes and
dealing with various laboratories is dealt with. This is Exhibit H30.</span></p>
<p><span>I quote brief extracts from the evidence. “24.3. Another
assessment was done during November 2017 by the same official who
brought with him the completed assessment of 2014 and presumably to
assess any changes since the previous assessment. This time it was
attended to by the principal Mr Rabie who subsequent to the completion
of the assessment together with Mr Esbend was signed by Mr Rabie with
the official school stamp dated 27 November 2017. I point out that it
was on this occasion that the original number of classrooms which was
numbered as 18 in 2014 was changed to 17. Below they change on the
document it can be seen that it was signed by Mr Rabie and Mr Esbend.</span></p>
<p><span>24.4. I was advised by the principal that the reason for the
change from 18 to 17 in the number of classrooms was as a result of the
fact that permission was granted by the department (Annexure H30) to
present a subject called Electrical Technology Power Systems for which a
special facility was required. To present the subject a class requires
special electrical equipment which makes a class unsuitable to be used
as an ordinary class.</span></p>
<p><span>24.5. It is further to be noted from the completed information
form that the specialist facilities have also been attended to and been
numbered for example two physical science laboratories, two live signs
laboratories, three computer rooms, a library, a multi-media room and an
art and culture room as well as one facility for hospitality and
consumer studies. Last mentioned subject is the new description for
‘huishoudkunde’.</span></p>
<p><span>24.6. All of these specialist facilities are utilised in full
in order to meet the requirements of the curriculum and subjects that
the school offers. In the light of this the deponent fails to state how
the number of 21 classrooms has been derived at. I need to add that the
original assessment form which was completed by Mr Esbend was taken by
him back to the department and a copy was left with the principal Mr
Rabie. I deny that there are 219 learners less capacity of the school.</span></p>
<p><span>24.7. I need to emphasise that when one considers the capacity
of the school there are a number of factors to be considered not
mentioned and which have clearly not been considered by the deponent.
One has to take into consideration all of the facilities, in particular
the ordinary classrooms of 17 which are required also for the register
classes of each class in each grade. The entire curriculum which the
school offers and which were approved by the department other resources
connected to the teaching of the curriculum, the rotating rooster in
respect of each grade and all classes, the number of educators, physical
space in classes for learners, classroom size as well as the
utilisation of all facilities and available classrooms in order to
present all of the various subjects in respect of all of the grades and
classrooms size. There are no additional separate classrooms available
in Overvaal considering all the aforementioned in order to create a
separate English learning class for grade eight in a parallel medium
setting if one fully appreciates how a parallel medium school functions.</span></p>
<p><span>24.9. Nowhere does it appear from the answering affidavit that
the first respondent whose duty it is has in fact determined the entry
level learner and enrolment capacity of Overvaal at any stage.</span></p>
<p><span>24.10. One would expect him to do so prior to the commencement
of an application period in each year in respect of all schools in
particular district as envisaged by Regulation 8 of the Admission
Regulations. Had the first respondent done so it is submitted that he
should have informed the school accordingly so as to enable the school
to make representations or to give input where that assessment does not
correspond with the assessment of capacity by the governing body.
Determination of capacity is also vitally important so as to enable the
District Director and Head of Department to fulfil their functions in
terms of Regulation 5 (10).</span></p>
<p><span>24.11. Nowhere does it appear in the answering affidavit that
the second respondent and deponent of the answering affidavit has
herself embarked on an exercise to determine property the capacity of
Overvaal and other schools in the district in particular those who share
feeder<i> </i>zones.”</span></p>
<p><span>For their case that there are 22 classrooms the respondents
rely on minutes of a meeting recording that Ms Maloi the second
respondent’s predecessor once visited the school and counted 22
classrooms. There is no affidavit by Ms Maloi. In the light of the
department’s own certification by Mr Esbend this suggestion is clearly
wrong. The allegation by the respondents that the school would still
have capacity to accommodate 55 English learners even if there are 17
classrooms and the arbitrary suggested use of a standard of 40 learners
per class are compellingly dealt with in reply.</span></p>
<p><span>As to the offer by the respondents that they will send one
English educator along with the 55 English learners the applicants
respond as follows in reply:</span></p>
<p><span>“29.1. Again the provision of an English educator does not
resolve the capacity problem as there is no additional classrooms
available for this purpose. In any event I fail to understand how one
additional English educator could be used to accommodate 55 learners in
one class. That in itself would exceed the department’s own norm of 40.
It is further inconceivable how one English educator would be able to
educate grade eight learners in all nine learning areas for grade eight.
This is just an illustration of the irrationality and unreasonableness
of the department’s approach especially considering that other schools
who share the same feeder zone with Overvaal such as Phoenix and to some
extent also General Smuts have capacity.</span></p>
<p><span>29.2. I further need to point out that the appointment of any
educator in terms of Section 20 (1) (i) of the Act, of the Schools Act
has to be recommended by the governing body before such appointment.
This statutory requirement is simply not considered.”</span></p>
<p><span>As to the demand for classrooms and laboratories to be
converted on short notice over the holiday period the following is said
in reply:</span></p>
<p><span>“52.1. I deny that the conversions were unauthorised as
previously stated and that it is in the interest of the school and its
existing learners to convert the specialised rooms to ordinary
classrooms. That would destroy to some extent the curriculum pertaining
to specialised subjects, which curriculum the department is aware of and
was approved.</span></p>
<p><span>52.2. Even if this was theoretically possible it certainly
cannot be implemented immediately as from 2018. The irrationality and
unreasonableness is so patent that it requires no further motivation.”</span></p>
<p><span>Over the years the school’s admission policy it seems was
determined by the SGB and received as the circumstances and numbers
changed. In the founding affidavit it is stated that in May 2017 the
school also appointed independent consultants to determine and advise
the school on the number of learners the school can accommodate
considering its existing infrastructure and facilities and considering
various laws and regulations that have to be taken into account.</span></p>
<p><span>Such laws included the infrastructure norms and standards and
national building regulations and laws pertaining to occupational,
health and safety. It included also a risk assessment and report from a
fire consultant. The consultants namely X-Factor Safety Consultants
whose report forms part of the founding papers found and stated in the
report that the school can only accommodate 598 learners and even the
current enrolment level in 2017 of 612 learners poses a risk of
overpopulation which held certain concomitant safety risks. The
conclusion of the experts is formulated as follows at the end of a
lengthy and detailed report:</span></p>
<p><span>“According to the national minimum uniform norms and standards
for school infrastructures the school can accommodate approximately 598
students. The current number of students is 612 and this is one of the
reasons that the school has a very high risk when it comes to traffic
accommodation and fire risk (evacuation of children)” and the conclusion
reads as follows:</span></p>
<p><span>“Taking into consideration that the school currently
accommodates 612 high school children the total space needed for this
children we highly recommend that no more children must be enrolled or
allowed. Furthermore if you take the risks involved in overpopulation in
the school it would be in the best interest of the school and the
students not to overpopulate the school. Our professional opinion of the
specific school is to keep the numbers as it is considering the growth
over the next few years.”</span></p>
<p><span>The admission policy itself compiled by the school is a
detailed affair. Extracts appear from the founding papers. These are
some of the explanatory notes:</span></p>
<p><span>“1. The SGB has made a contribution to the advantage of the
learners have brought about class sizes of approximately 30 square
metres for effective education and not to raise school capacity.</span></p>
<p><span>2. In regard to the national curriculum statement on
hospitality studies January 2008 a hospitality studies class should not
hold more than 20 learners.</span></p>
<p><span>3. With regard to occupational safety there should not be more than 24 learners in a laboratory at a time.</span></p>
<p><span>4. Toilets and basins are already over utilised.</span></p>
<p><span>5. Currently there are no opportunities for expansion of the grounds nor are there any available funds from the SGB.</span></p>
<p><span>6. Sports fields have only enough space for 650 spectators (one person per square metre see table 2 attached).</span></p>
<p><span>7. There are two educators on the roaming time table in other words they do not have classes.”</span></p>
<p><span>For present purposes the (reviewed) admission policy of the
school was first submitted in March 2015 to the department and
thereafter again in July 2015, on 3 March and 8 April 2016 and on 28
February 2017. Throughout this period no response was received from the
department and no difficulties were raised with policy. The school
applied the policy in 2015, 2016 and 2017 for purposes of the admission
of learners together with the admission regulations.</span></p>
<p><span>The first time that a response was received from the department
in which it commented in detail on several clauses of the policy was by
way of a letter dated 26 October 2017 received on 31 October 2017. The
letter of 26 October 2017 was received after the stipulated admission
period and written by the first respondent. He states at the outset that
the admission policy of the school “does not comply with the applicable
law”. The letter contains many references to many subjects such as for
example the admission of non-South African citizens which subjects do
not appear to be directly relevant for present purposes and did not
receive a great deal of attention in the papers.</span></p>
<p><span>What is perhaps closer to home for purposes of deciding the
present dispute is what is stated in paragraph 26. “Clause 18 of the
admission policy provides that the SGB has determined that the school’s
maximum capacity for learner admission is 610 for the entire school, 31
learners per class and 122 learners per grade. However the norms and
standards of the learner/teacher ratio is one in 40 therefore the
abovementioned learner number per class is <i>prima facie</i> proof that
the school is under utilising its classroom capacity and thus can enrol
more learners. The department reserves the right to verify the school’s
learner capacity.”</span></p>
<p><span>On the weight of the evidence the right to verify the school’s
learner capacity was never exercised in any meaningful way. It is also
useful to refer to the conclusion and the remarks in the letter of the
first respondent: “38. The content of Schedule B of the admission policy
insofar as it relates to the learner enrolment capacity is noted.
Please be advised that the department reserves the right to confirm the
school’s infrastructure capacity and utilisation.</span></p>
<p><span>39. In view of the above it is advised that Hoërskool Overvaal
and/or the school governing body of Hoërskool Overvaal cannot use the
proposed admission policy for placement of learners for the 2018
academic year.</span></p>
<p><span>40. You are further advised to review the school’s proposed
admission policy and ensure that it complies with the applicable law and
then resubmit it for certification once all of the abovementioned
concerns and or issues have been addressed.”</span></p>
<p><span>As mentioned there is no compelling evidence that “the right to
confirm the school’s infrastructure capacity utilisation” was ever
exercised this in the light of the details as to capacity appearing from
the reviewed admission policy and the report of the independent
experts. There was also no warning of an intention to force the school
to place 55 new English learners on short notice. Only the request to
review the proposed admission policy and resubmit it for certification.</span></p>
<p><span>In the found affidavit the following is said about the letter
of 26 October (H5 to the founding affidavit) received by the SGB on 31
October:</span></p>
<p><span>“25.18. The effect of this is that despite the fact that the
department did not make the effort to verify the school’s capacity as
stated in its admission policy it rejects it and demands that the school
enrols a number of additional learners which would substantially exceed
its learner capacity. He has no factual basis to reject the school’s
determination of its capacity. Such conduct is highly unreasonable and
against the spirit of cooperation and the partnership model which the
Schools Act requires.</span></p>
<p><span>25.19. The HOD also did not make any effort to determine the
objective enrolment capacity of the school as he is required to do in
terms of Section 8 of the admission regulations.</span></p>
<p><span>25.20. He erroneously uses the infrastructure norms and
standards in terms of Section 5 (A) (2) (a) of the Schools Act which
only provides for the maximum of learners of 40 per class and has
nothing to do with capacity or learners/educator ratio as envisaged by
Section 5 (A) (1) (b) read with Section 5 (A) (2) (b) of the Schools
Act.”</span></p>
<p><span>In answer to the letter of 26 October the chairperson of the
SGB wrote a lengthy letter, H6 to the founding affidavit on 15 November
2011 dealing in compelling fashion with what was said on 26 October in
H5 and concluding with an appeal that it was not in the interest of
learners to increase the learner intake beyond what had already been
determined through the normal admission process and or to introduce
English as a mode of instruction. There was no answer to the
chairperson’s letter of 15 November.</span></p>
<p><span>Then out of the blue although there had been earlier meetings
notably in 2016 and early 2017 when officials of the department
suggested conversion to dual medium infrastructure came the written
instruction of 5 December 2017 from the second respondent to the school
principal in the following terms. I quote part of this short letter;</span></p>
<p><span>1. “Attached please receive the list of learners who have
applied to and qualify for placement at Overvaal Secondary School in
2018.</span></p>
<p><span>2. You are kindly instructed to allocate space for them in the
school as they are in the catchment area around the school and qualify
for the right to education in the nearest school from their place of
residence.”</span></p>
<p><span>It should be mentioned that there are also minutes of a meeting
of 4 December between the officials of the department including the
second respondent and the school principle Mr Rabie, fifth respondent
which emerged for the first time as an annexure to the answering
affidavit. Although the date for placement is not mentioned there is a
suggestion that two English classes were to be introduced to the school.</span></p>
<p><span>Reservations expressed by the principal are minuted but the
second respondent according to the minutes “encouraged the principal to
do right and discouraged him from resigning”. She asked the principal to
be strong and he must “commit to fighting for transformation”.</span></p>
<p><span>Attached to the replying affidavit one finds a summary by
Principal Rabie of what transpired as far as he was concerned at the 4
December meeting. I quote a few extracts representing parts of his
version of exchanges between him and the second respondent which I trust
fairly reflect the gist of the exchanges.</span></p>
<p><span lang="DE">1. “ Ek het ook gesê dat ons getransformeer het, net
nie op taal van onderrig nie. Sy het gesê ons kan sê wat ons wil. Mense
sien dit nie as transformasie nie.</span></p>
<p><span lang="DE">2. Ek het ook gesê dat die onderwyser by Overvaal se
moedertaal Afrikaans is en dat hulle hulleself beter kan uitdruk in
Afrikaans, moedertaal onderrig bly die beste en ek wens alle kinders kan
onderrig word in hulle moedertaal. Ek het gesê dat parallel medium werk
in graad agt en nege maar sodra jy vakkie kies moet jy dubbel medium
gaan. Die Direkteur het my gevra of het ons 'n studie gemaak van dubbel
medium en ons kan kyk na Drie Riviere.</span></p>
<p><span>3. Sy het my gevra of ek dink daar is 'n behoefte deur Engelse leerders om Overvaal by te woon. </span><span lang="DE">Ek het geantwoord dit kan so wees.</span></p>
<p><span lang="DE">4. Ek het dit aan hulle gestel dat Mnr. Botha van Phoenix gesê het hy kort leerders en dat hy my geskakel het in die verband.</span></p>
<p><span lang="DE">5. Ek het ook gesê dat hy aan my verduidelik het dat
Falcon Ridge, Sonland Park, Arcon Park en Duncanville sy voedingsarea
is. Hulle het my nie geantwoord nie.</span></p>
<p><span lang="DE">6. Die Direkteur het aan my gevra hoe sal ek voel as
die skool begin en Overvaal is op die voorblad van die koerante, wat
gaan ek maak as daar massa aksie in die strate voor die skool is, as die
MEC die skool besoek, as my gesin gedreig word.</span></p>
<p><span lang="DE">7. Ek het ook gesê dat ek kan bedank waarop sy gesê het dat ek dit nie moet doen nie en 'n sterk leier moet wees.</span></p>
<p><span>8. Sy het ook gesê dat dit nie 'n goeie ding is nie [audio faulty].”</span></p>
<p><span>It is minuted that the meeting then adjourned and continued on
the 5 December between Mr Rabie and some officials evidently led by Ms
Matlare, another senior official who also attended the 4 December
meeting and apologised for the absence of the second respondent. I quote
a few extracts listing exchanges between Mr Rabie and Ms Matlare.</span></p>
<p><span>1. “Me. Matlare vra my of ek toe gedink het oor die saak. Ek sê
aan haar dat dit die heel beste vir Overvaal sal wees om 'n Afrikaanse
skool te bly.</span></p>
<p><span>2. Sy sê dat ek hulle verkeerd verstaan. Ek sê nee, ek verstaan
duidelik, hulle wil hê ek moet sê dat ek hulle sal ondersteun om 55
leerders te plaas. Ek sê dat hulle vir my die naamlys moet gee sodat ek
dit met die beheerliggaam bespreek.</span></p>
<p><span>3. Sy sê ek moet die beheerliggaam uitlos waarop ek antwoord ek
kan nie, my beheerliggaam is 'n aktiewe beheerliggaam wat oor sekere
sake beheer vat en leiding gee en dat hulle my sal hof toe vat as ek
teen beleid optree. Ek moet die saak met hulle bespreek.</span></p>
<p><span>4. Sy sê dat hulle van distrikskantoor sal bel om vir die ouers te sê dat hulle toegelaat word tot die skool. </span><span lang="DE">Ek het gesê dit kan nie gebeur nie. Ek moet eers met die beheerliggaam praat en hulle toestemming kry.</span></p>
<p><span lang="DE">5. Sy sê toe dat ek die 28 leerders moes gevat het
aan die begin en dat sy namens die departement 'n brief sou skryf aan
die ouers van die Engelse leerders om te sê dat dit nie haalbaar is nie
omdat die departement nie die nodige finansies en hulpbronne het om
hulle by Overvaal te plaas nie. Die Direkteur het toe vir my 'n brief
gegee en 'n naamlys.”</span></p>
<p><span>On 7 December the attorney of record of the applicants wrote a
letter in answer to the 5 December instruction. It was addressed to the
first respondent HOD and signed and copied to others including the
second respondent Mr Rabie and the principals of Phoenix and General
Smuts High Schools. It is a letter dealing comprehensively with the 5
December instruction and also the 15 November which was never replied
to.</span></p>
<p><span>Mention is made of the instruction of 5 December to place an
additional 55 learners over and above the 142 learners already placed
and that there is no physical space for more learners distinguishing
this case from the well-known case of <i><span style="text-decoration:underline">The Head of Department Mpumalanga Department of Education v Hoërskool Ermelo and Another</span></i> <i>2010 (2) SA 415 (CC).</i></span></p>
<p><span>Mention is made of many unanswered letters and the tendency of
the respondent to ignore valid requests and suggestions from the
applicants. The respondents are reminded of the positive duty placed on
both the SGB and the department to engage with one another as laid down
in <i><span style="text-decoration:underline">MEC for Education Gauteng Province v Governing Body Rivonia Primary School and Others </span>2013 (6) SA 582 (CC).</i></span></p>
<p><span>It is suggested that where some of the regulations had not been
properly applied and for other reasons mentioned the decision to place
the additional learners could be illegal. The respondents were urged to
reconsider the placement as there was in any case no space for extra
learners and to consult with the neighbouring English school principals
who had indicated that they had ample space.</span></p>
<p><span>The respondents were urged to reply by 14 December failing
which the applicants would have no choice but to follow the undesirable
route of approaching this court for urgent relief. There was no answer.
This application was then launched and served on 20 December and set
down for last Tuesday 9 January. So much for the chronological sequence
of events and developments in relation thereto.</span></p>
<p><span>I turn to the questions of the language policy and legality.
The urgent review launched by the applicants is not only based on the
review grounds laid down in Section 6 of Paja but also on the principal
of legality, which means broadly that an administrator exercising or
purporting to exercise certain powers must do so only within the ambit
of the powers vested in him or her or lawfully conferred upon him or
her. See <i><span style="text-decoration:underline">Fedsure Life Assurance Limited and Others v Greater Johannesburg Transitional Metropolitan Council and Others</span> 1999 (1) SA 374 (CC) at 399 (c) to (e).</i></span></p>
<p><span>As to the decision of the second respondent to force the single
medium Afrikaans school to place at short notice and against compelling
evidence that it is full to capacity 55 English grade eight pupils the
following is pointed out in the replying affidavit.</span></p>
<p><span>“14.1. Furthermore the second respondent makes no mention and
has clearly not considered not the general norms and standards that are
applicable to a language policy and which have been made in terms of
Section 6 (1) of the Schools Act by the Minister of Basic Education
(fourth respondent). These norms and standards were promulgated in
November 1997 and published in the Government Gazette. They are
applicable to language rights and admission of learners.</span></p>
<p><span>14.2. Section (B) (2) thereof states that a learner must choose
the language policy of teaching upon application for admission to a
particular school.</span></p>
<p><span>14.3. Section (B) (3) then states: ‘Where a school uses the
language of learning and teaching chosen by the learner and where there
is place available in the relevant grade the school must admit the
learner.’ (My note: The adverse in my view must also be true that where a
school uses the language of learning and teaching not chosen by the
learner the school is not compelled to admit the learner).</span></p>
<p><span>15.1. Therefore although the applicants have no intention to
overemphasise language policy as a single medium language policy at the
expense of other factors such as capacity of the school and the capacity
of a neighbouring school language remains a relevant factor to be taken
into account for purposes of admission and cannot simply be ignored.</span></p>
<p><span>15.2. The department cannot negate this aspect and cannot ride
[indistinct] over the language policy of the school in the manner in
which the department seeks to do in this case by merely instructing the
principal of the school to admit further English speaking learners
thereby forcing the school to change to and implement a parallel medium
policy.</span></p>
<p><span>15.3. Furthermore the initial numbers of 136 learners to be
admitted during the admission period were in the admission process
finalised on the basis that they were approved by the department and
also accepted by the school after complying with all criteria including
choice of language and accordance with the law and guidelines for
admission.</span></p>
<p><span>15.4. Incorrectly numbered 13.2. The balance making up the
number of 142 was as a result of some initial unsuccessful applicants
who were disapproved by the department and who successfully appealed and
/ or objected or where initial disapprovals by the department were
rectified by the department. The school has no power or means to place
learners on the system disapproved by the department. It can only accept
learners approved by the department. There were also material
inconsistencies in the administration process by the department as
alluded to in the letter of FEDSAS dated 28 July 2017, Annexure H10.”</span></p>
<p><span>I add that this letter was also not [inaudible]. I add that the
deponent to the replying affidavit which is the first applicant also
submits that the accusations by the second respondent of lack of
transformation is self-destructive in the sense that where the school
does not want to exceed its current capacity it also affects the
accommodation of Afrikaans speaking learners in future if the growing
demand continues which he expects will be the case.</span></p>
<p><span>The department is also fully aware that the school has a number
of black learners whose choice of language for education has been to be
in Afrikaans, who have been admitted in the past and have also been
admitted for purposes of 2018. In this regard the deponent refers to a
particular example where after the initial application period and during
the stage when the successful and unsuccessful applicants had to be
determined the admission of an Afrikaans speaking black learner
Rehabetswa Bopape who went to school at the Handhawer Primary School in
Vereeniging (an Afrikaans/English duel medium primary school) to
Overvaal was initially disapproved by the department. Her parent Mr
Jeffrey Bopape had to submit an objection in terms of the admission
regulations during September 2017. A copy of this is attached to the
replying affidavit. The appeal was successful and young Bopape was
placed with Overvaal.</span></p>
<p><span>Over and above this learner there are in total eight black
learners whose choice of language is Afrikaans who form part of the 142
learners that were finally placed for admission with Overvaal. Moreover
the school through the first applicant chairperson makes it clear on
more than one occasion in the papers that in a situation where an
Afrikaans school has enough capacity and neighbouring schools have none
an attitude of cooperation for the greater good may be called for but
the opposite on the overwhelming evidence analysed earlier applies in
this case.</span></p>
<p><span>It is also noteworthy that the prescribed application for
admission to a public school forming part of the admission regulations
makes specific provision for the language preferences of the learner to
be recorded as well as the language of learning and teaching at the
particular school. This one assumes must flow from the norms and
standards for language policy promulgated by the Minister in terms of
Section 6 (1) of the Act to which I have referred. In result I cannot
with respect accept the argument offered on behalf of the respondent
that language is irrelevant for purposes of deciding whether or not a
school can be forced to accept learners seeking tuition in a language
different from the one offered at the school.</span></p>
<p><span>For all these reasons I have come to the conclusion that the
decision of the second respondent of 5 December offends against the
principle of legality. In this regard it is also useful to bear the
provisions of Section 18 (A) of the Gauteng Act in mind which I have
already quoted. It appears from the papers that the language policy was
duly submitted to and received by the department in the spirit of
Section 18 (A) (2). The same as it happens applies to the admission
policy as already illustrated earlier.</span></p>
<p><span>However there was no compliance whatsoever with the provisions
of Section 18 (A) (3) requiring the member of the executive council
(third respondent) if he feels that the language policy of a school is
non-compliant to direct that such compliance be brought about after
consultation with the SGB. Nothing of the kind happened. There was
certainly no authority for the District Director second respondent not
even mentioned in Section 18 (A) to unilaterally override the school’s
language policy.</span></p>
<p><span>I add that the failure by the Head of Department the first
respondent to determine the objective entry level learner enrolment
capacity of the school (as he is implored in peremptory language to do
by Regulation 8 of the Admission Regulations) in the face of compelling
evidence by the school and experts engaged by it that the school is
operating beyond its capacity fortifies the conclusion that the second
respondent who is not even mentioned in Regulation 8 exceeded her powers
in conflict with the doctrine of legality by unilaterally overriding
the language policy of the school.</span></p>
<p><span>Counsel for the applicants referred me to some authorities
where the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA)
according to counsel “did not approve unfair and unprocedural conduct
pertaining to policies even if those policies may infringe the
constitution”.</span></p>
<p><span>The <i>Ermelo case Supra</i> 2010 (2) SA 415 (CC), <i><span style="text-decoration:underline">HOD Department of Education Free State Province v Welkom High School and Others</span></i> 2014 (2) SA 228 (CC) and the <i><span style="text-decoration:underline">Mikro Primary School</span></i> case
[2005] 3 SA 436 (SCA). In Ermelo at 445 (c) to 445 (b) one finds
authority for the proposition that where the HOD did not like the
language policy of the school he had to act within the confines of the
statute and the law and when he failed to do so he acted unlawfully and
in breach of the constitutional principle of legality. See also the
Welkom case at paragraph [72].</span></p>
<p><span>I turn to a different subject namely a serious dispute as to
whether or not the 55 learners forming the subject of this case are all
indeed still in need of being placed at the school or other schools for
that matter. It is alleged in the founding affidavit that after the 5
December instruction the following was established from the department’s
system by an official of the school Ms Nagel “as far as these 55
applications are concerned which places the accuracy of the list in
doubt”.</span></p>
<p><span>The following is said in the founding affidavit on this subject:</span></p>
<p><span>“26.2.1. The following was then established from the
department’s system as far as these 55 applications are concerned which
places the accuracy of the list in doubt:</span></p>
<p><span>1. Nine applications were disapproved by the district due to no documentation.</span></p>
<p><span>2. 26 were accepted at another school.</span></p>
<p><span>3. Eight English speaking applicants were approved by the district for placement at Overvaal.</span></p>
<p><span>4. Three were placed by the department on the list of English
learners although they were accepted by the school as Afrikaans speaking
learners.</span></p>
<p><span>5. One applicant was transferred from another school.</span></p>
<p><span>6. One was a late application.</span></p>
<p><span>7. Seven applicants could not be located on the system under the name of Overvaal.”</span></p>
<p><span>In the answering affidavit only the following is said in this regard:</span></p>
<p><span>“Contents herein are denied as they lack factual validity. The
department submits that the 55 learners are learners who are not placed
at any school and the District Director acted in accordance with her
powers in terms of Regulation 5 (8) of the Gauteng Admission Policy to
place the learners at Overvaal.”</span></p>
<p><span>Finally I revisit the dramatic “sting in the tail development
of 11 January” already referred to when the respondents applied to file
fresh affidavits by the two principals of Phoenix and General Smuts to
the effect that what they had stated in their affidavit of two days
earlier was after all wrong and that they had since discovered that
their schools were in fact full.</span></p>
<p><span>I have recorded the contents of the original affidavits of the
two principals which they deposed to on 8 January explaining in much
detail that their schools have ample capacity to receive more grade
eight English learners and supplying figures and other details.</span></p>
<p><span>The affidavit of the second respondent which I called for to
support an application for the late filing of new evidence and the
reasons therefor was received as part of the record for consideration as
Exhibit A pages one to 28. This includes the “new” affidavits of the
two principals. The opposing affidavit filed by the applicants in terms
of my ruling was received for consideration with annexures as Exhibit B
pages one to 28.</span></p>
<p><span>The second respondent says inter alia the following in her affidavit:</span></p>
<p><span>“3. I received applicant’s replying affidavit on 9 January 2018
to which some further confirmatory affidavits purportedly from sixth
and seventh respondents are annexed. The affidavits are attached
Annexure H19.1 and H19.2 of the replying affidavit.</span></p>
<p><span>4. The allegations contained therein are to the effect that the
respective schools still have space to accommodate more learners.</span></p>
<p><span>5. I realise that the information contained in those affidavits
are not true and correct as per the admissions statistics of the
department.</span></p>
<p><span>6. I then contacted both principals and showed them that the
printout of the admissions statistics of both high schools (being the
sixth and seventh respondent) and they realised that they mistakenly
said that there schools still have space.</span></p>
<p><span>7. I then requested them to make affidavits to reflect the
correct status of their schools. These new affidavits are in line with
the attached statistical admission reports printed out of the two
respective schools in comparison to the capacity of Overvaal dated 8
January 2018 marked AF6.</span></p>
<p><span>8. I therefore annex the two new affidavits of the principals respectively as Annexures AF7 and AF8.</span></p>
<p><span>AF6 is a two page affair containing three “windows”, one for
each of the three schools. The documents are in very fine print
containing only one line of data purporting to reflect essentially the
number of learners (presumably grade eight although I do not see such a
reference) “accepted” “rejected”, “accepted at another school” and
“total”.</span></p>
<p><span>The Overvaal window shows that the school accepted 162
learners. This is 20 more than the 142 applications officially processed
and admitted. The origin of the other 20 appears to be something of a
mystery. If there are an extra 20 learners somewhere in the pipeline
that would clearly compromise the school’s capacity even further.</span></p>
<p><span>The reference to 115 “accepted at another school” is also
unexplained. The total of 277 is the [indistinct] of the 162 purported
accepted and the 117 purported “accepted at another school”. The
relevance of the second figure if the learners went to another school is
not clear. It may however be a reference to learners accepted at
another school for placing at Overvaal.</span></p>
<p><span>The Phoenix window reflects 244 accepted. 225 “accepted at
another school” and a total of 471. The two figures do not add up to 471
and as in the case of Overvaal the relevance of the second figure is
neither understood nor explained by speculated by me to mean it may be
pupils or learners placed at another school for this particular school
Phoenix.</span></p>
<p><span>The General Smuts window reflects the three figures as 276,422
and 723 respectively. The figures also do not add up, neither are they
explained. There is also a vast unexplained discrepancy between the
figures mentioned by the two principals in their detailed 8 January
affidavits and what one sees on these three windows.</span></p>
<p><span>For example in his affidavit the General Smuts principal talks
about only 215 (confirmed) and 87 (possible) grade eights for this year
making it 302 and he says last year they had 337, which figure is
undisputed and it is in line with what he says in his affidavit that
they have been gradually losing learners, something which is also
undisputed. Now miraculously the window shows a figure of twice as much
namely 723 or 798 if the first two figures are added up. I find this
unconvincing and inherently improbable.</span></p>
<p><span>The same applies to Phoenix where the principal in his January 8
affidavit says they have 125 grade eight learners registered and can
take up to 240. Now the window shows almost four times the 125 at 471. I
have the same reservations about this especially where the undisputed
evidence of the same principle in his first affidavit is that by 15
November they only had 56 pupils on their admission list and now they
expect only about 740 learners for all five grades, eight to 12 to
arrive on the first day. In a word I find it inherently improbable that
these highly qualified experienced school principals would make such a
vast mistake when making an affidavit and without having checked the
statistics in advance.</span></p>
<p><span>I now quote the “new” affidavit of the Phoenix principal which
he made a day after the first one and after he was spoken to by the
second respondent. The document is handwritten and not clearly legible
in all respect.</span></p>
<p><span>“I AB ID … hereby mention that following statement is written and no duress.</span></p>
<p><span>I hereby wish to state that when I wrote the ? Statement I had
not verified the enrolment statistics on the computer or on the system.</span></p>
<p><span>The number I gave was an estimation before the admission stats
were verified. After I verified the stats in the system I discovered we
have to take 203 applications with verified documents. The 203 were part
of the 471 applicants who had applied at the school. 41 was not
accepted reason they not submit verified documents. It is therefore
clear I had made a mistake that I said there was still space at the
school.”</span></p>
<p><span>The “new” affidavit by the General Smuts principal also
handwritten and to an extent illegible reads as follows: “I Principal of
General Smuts mistakenly indicated that my school was not full. My
statement was not based on the actual capacity determined by amount of
closed mortar and brick classes in my school added to 29. The school has
an additional 13 prefabricated asbestos classes which were erected to
accommodate learners over the years and ten mobile classrooms. We also
converted this other specialist rooms by erecting dry-walls to create
the classes from one. The school was originally built for 1 200 learners
but currently has 550 and 115. We have late application to process for
201 for 2018. I hereby withdraw the letter which was written by me on 9
January 2018 indicating that my school is able to accommodate more
learners.”</span></p>
<p><span>The respondents, also, irregularly, attached affidavits,
handwritten, by a so called cluster leader and a circuit manager
containing references to mobile or prefab classrooms. This is an abuse
because no explanation is offered for the failure to present this
evidence as part of the opposing affidavits especially after details of
the evidence of the two principals appear from the founding affidavit.</span></p>
<p><span>I was also not informed from the bar when there was an
application to admit two new affidavits by the principals that these
added documents would be introduced in the bundle to be considered. In
my view these two affidavits do not take the matter further in any case,
neither do they mention any figures. The same remarks apply in respect
of a 16 page bundle of finely printed multi-coloured statistics said to
explain “how the 55 interested learners came about”. There is again no
explanation for not offering this infrastructure as part of the
answering affidavit. This is an abuse and should not be tolerated.</span></p>
<p><span>In any event the applicant’s breakdown of the destiny of the 55
offloaded from the respondent’s own system was contained in the
founding affidavit and only met with the bare denial. This mountain of
information accordingly takes the matter no further, neither was it
explained how it should be analysed or understood.</span></p>
<p><span>I now turn to the main and highly disturbing feature of this
whole “new affidavit” exercise. After receiving the new and differing
affidavits from the respondents on 9 January the first applicant deposed
to a comprehensive affidavit on Friday 12 January, today being Monday
the 14<sup>th</sup>. Here are some extracts from this affidavit.</span></p>
<p><span>“13. After the matter stood down on 9 January 2018 to Thursday
11 January 2018 and after returning to counsel’s chambers (and after the
replying affidavit was handed up in court) I sent a Whatsapp message to
a few people including Mr M the General Smuts principal to inform them
that the matter had stood down until Thursday. He and Mr B the Phoenix
principal was following the matter with interest as nobody had up to
that stage communicated about the matter with them except me. I referred
to the screenshot of the exchange of Whatsapp messages below. Here is
the contents of the Whatsapp exchanges forming part of this affidavit by
the first respondent.”</span></p>
<p><span>For explanatory purpose I will say who says what. First
applicant chairperson: Hi KM ons saak is uitgestel na Donderdag 10:00.
Kyk maar na News 24 en Eye Witness News. Mr M: Ek is by die Direkteur se
kantoor. Sy het my ontbied. First applicant chair person: “Laat weet
ons asseblief as daar enige intimidasie is. Behou asseblief jou
onafhanklikheid en dring aan op aparte regsverteenwoordiging indien
hulle jou in 'n blik wil druk. Ons dink sy gaan jou probeer dwing om die
verklaring terug te trek. Mr M: Ek is uit. Hulle wil my <i>fire</i> omdat ek 'n vals <i>statement</i> gemaak
het oor my skool nie vol is nie. Volgens my klaskamers moet ek net
1 200 leerders hê en ek het 1 515. Hulle gooi my met die boek so ek het
'n nuwe <i>statement</i> gegee. Jammer maar my pensioen en alles is op die spel.”</span></p>
<p><span>The first applicant then continues with his affidavit as follows:</span></p>
<p><span>“15. As is evidence from the messages above Mr M was summoned
to the office of the District Director and was threatened with
dismissal. It can also be deduced based on the messages that Mr M out of
fear of losing his pension succumbed to the pressure and signed a
further affidavit. What is noticeable from the bottom line of the
messages is that Mr M entered the offices approximately 11h29 and almost
two hours later (13h25) left the offices. I am deeply concerned about
the change in version in his affidavit that has now been produced after
he was called to the offices of the department. It appears that he was
placed under duress.</span></p>
<p><span>16. With the presence of possible intimidation apparent to me
with regards to Mr M I sent a Whatsapp message to Mr B advising him to
tread with caution. I also tried phoning Mr B.</span></p>
<p><span>17. Mr B sent me a Whatsapp message at 16h45 on the same date
(9 January 2018) confirming that he too was summoned to district office.
At 18h36 on the said date I had a telephonic discussion with Mr B in
which he confirmed (telephonically) that he was summoned to the District
Director’s office. He said that he was one; threatened with dismissal.
Two; that he was accused of being a racist. Three; that he was accused
of not looking after the interest of his school and four; how does he
dare help an Afrikaans school. At this point according to him he
expressly stated that he was all in favour of getting more English
learners, it would be to the benefit of his school.</span></p>
<p><span>18. It was also conveyed to Mr B according to him at the
meeting that he is not to divulge any statistics of his school and that
he is not a spokesperson for the department.</span></p>
<p><span>19. In the light of the developments he apologised for his revised statements and wished us well in the case.</span></p>
<p><span>20. These are obviously very troubling revelations made by him regarding the conduct of officials of the department.”</span></p>
<p><span>In as much as these communications may amount to hearsay in
particular when the applicant says what Mr Botha told him I exercise my
discretion in terms of Section 3 of the Hearsay Amendment Act 45 of
1998. I declare the evidence as duly admitted. This is obviously in the
interest of justice.</span></p>
<p><span>The first applicant goes on in his affidavit to deal with the
fact that his attorney then wrote a letter to his opponent the state
attorney expressing shock and dismay at what appears to be a case of
defeating the ends of justice and calling for an explanation. The last
paragraph of this letter which is part of Exhibit B reads as follows:</span></p>
<p><span>“We as officers of the court and our clients reserve the right
to bring this to the attention of the court if this attempt at defeating
the ends of justice is further pursued in court during the hearing of
the matter.” There was no answer to this letter and as is now evidence
the respondents continued to pursue this matter.</span></p>
<p><span>The deponent proceeded to deal with the further irregular new
matter, the inherent probabilities and correctly asked for it to be
struck out. I have already dealt with it to some extent and for the sake
of brevity will say no more about it, but to add that the chairperson
first applicant made compelling submissions on the probabilities these
records relied upon now for additional numbers of pupils can easily be
amended and tampered with.</span></p>
<p><span>I conclude on this disturbing topic by observing that the
uncompromising and biased approach exhibited by the respondents can also
be gleamed from Mr Rabie’s comments on the meetings of 4 and 5
December. It also saddens me to refer to the following unsolicited
remarks by the second respondent who played the leading role in respect
of these occurrences in the answering affidavit.</span></p>
<p><span>“4.6. If one is to look at the heart of the application it has
nothing to do with capacity of the school but the admission of English
learners at the school. It is unbelievable and / or unfortunate that
even until today in this constitutional democracy we still have a
society that sees nothing wrong with a language that was used as a tool
of segregation and discrimination during apartheid which 90 percent of
South African bemoan; a language whose legacy is sorrow and tears to the
majority of whom it was not their mother tongue. Today in this
constitutional democracy we still fight the same separatist language
exacerbated by denial of transformation by certain sectors of society.
This is not acceptable.”</span></p>
<p><span>She expressed the same sentiments on more than one occasion I
the answering affidavit. It is regrettably difficult to see how one can
realistically expect any measure of objectivity or fair play towards the
embattled minority group and their language by a senior official
intimately involved in these proceedings who is prepared to disclose her
obvious bias in the answering affidavit. In my view there are clear
signs of an attempt by the second respondent to defeat the ends of
justice for the reasons mentioned and I respectfully suggest that some
senior peers of hers may consider investigating her conduct.</span></p>
<p><span>I turn to my conclusions.</span></p>
<p><span>1. On the overwhelming weight of the evidence and for all the
reasons mentioned I find that on the probabilities the school has no
capacity to receive the 55 English learners let alone to do so on such
short notice and to convert to a double medium school.</span></p>
<p><span>2. On the overwhelming probabilities Phoenix and General Smuts
English medium schools have enough capacity to accommodate the 55
English learners (or what is left of them given the undisputed breakdown
offloaded about them from the respondent’s own system).</span></p>
<p><span>3. The second respondent and perhaps also the HOD and the MEC
acted in conflict with the constitutional principle of legality and for
that reason irrespective of whether there was capacity or not the 5
December decision was unlawful and forced to be set aside on review and
ancillary relief to be mentioned in the order should also be granted.</span></p>
<p><span>4. Through your conduct the second respondent caused a number
of review grounds listed in Section 6 of Paja and fully relied upon in
the founding affidavit to be applicable in to found a Paja review as
also prayed for so that the review for that reason too ought to be
granted. I mentioned some of the grounds mentioned in the founding
affidavit:</span></p>
<p><span>1. The failure by the first and second respondents to have
regard to Section 5 (10) (b) of the Admission Regulations and failure to
have regard to the capacity of the school to accommodate further
learners relative to the capacity of other schools constitute grounds
for review in terms of Section 6 (2) (b) of Paja in that a mandatory and
material procedure or condition prescribed by an empowering provision
was not complied with.</span></p>
<p><span>2. Alternatively it constitutes a ground for review in terms of
Section 6 (2) (e) of Paja in that the action was taken for a reason not
authorised by the empowering provision and irrelevant considerations
were taken into account and relevant considerations were not considered
namely the relative capacity of neighbouring schools to accommodate
learners and to disregard the capacity determination of the school and
the language policy determined by the SGB which renders the action
reviewable in terms of Section 6 (2) (e) (iii) of Paja.</span></p>
<p><span>3. The conduct also amounts to reviewable action in terms of
Section 6 (2) (f) of Paja in that the action contravenes the law or was
not authorised by the empowering provision or not rationally connected
to the purpose for which it was taken.</span></p>
<p><span>4. In all the circumstances the actions and exercise of power are unreasonable considering Section 6 (2) (h) of Paja.</span></p>
<p><span>There are others which I consider unnecessary to mention. There are also the well-known grounds of bias and irrational conduct.</span></p>
<p><span>5. The costs should follow the result. This is an appropriate
case to make a punitive cost order. As argued before me on Friday
evening by counsel for the applicants there is no reason particularly in
this case to see to it that the applicants being the school and the
school governing body are out of pocket. They have to sparingly use
their funds in the interest of the children and not for litigation if
they can help it.</span></p>
<p><span>By contrast the respondents as is the case in many other
matters in this country involving state litigants have the convenience
and the luxury to litigate at will at the expense of the tax-payer. The
way in which the respondent chose to litigate for example by not
answering letters and <i>bona fide </i>submissions and suggestions made
to them to unreasonably apply undue pressure on fellow organs of state
which relationship between the organs of state has per the
constitutional imperative demands cooperation and reasonableness and
lastly but not the least the manner in which the new affidavit were
obtained from the two principals.</span></p>
<p><span>In result and for the reasons mentioned the review application
ought to be upheld with costs. I did not include in my proposed order
all the ancillary relief sought by the applicants but I make the
following order.</span></p>
<p><span>1. The instruction issued by the District Director Sedibeng
East District (second respondent) on 5 December 2017 to the principal of
the second applicant Mr S Rabie (fifth respondent) to place further
learners for enrolment with the second applicant for the 2018 intake is
set aside.</span></p>
<p><span>2. The placing of any additional entry phase learners over and
above the final list of 142 learners placed for enrolment with the
second applicant by the first respondent or the second respondent on the
electronic platform is set aside.</span></p>
<p><span>3. The first and second respondents are ordered to pay the
costs of the applicants on the scale between attorney and client jointly
and severally, the one paying, the other to be absolved.</span></p><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature">=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+<br><br> Harold F. Schiffman<br><br>Professor Emeritus of <br> Dravidian Linguistics and Culture <br>Dept. of South Asia Studies <br>University of Pennsylvania<br>Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305<br><br>Phone: (215) 898-7475<br>Fax: (215) 573-2138 <br><br>Email: <a href="mailto:haroldfs@gmail.com" target="_blank">haroldfs@gmail.com</a><br><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/" target="_blank">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/</a> <br><br>-------------------------------------------------</div>
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