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<div id="gmail-story-header"><h3 class="gmail-title">Refugees seeking education fight school district policy that keeps older students out</h3>
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June 03, 2018 03:22 PM
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<span id="gmail-update_date">Updated June 03, 2018 05:46 PM</span>
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<p>After living as refugees in
Pakistan, Khuda and Fatima Musa-Khan dreamed of an education in the
United States and finally were granted the opportunity.</p>
<p>When the family was resettled in
Modesto in November 2015, Fatima was illiterate in her own language and
started with the basics of writing. She was taught to hold a pen and
make an “X” in place of her name. </p>
<p>Fatima and her brother,
Khuda, made good progress on their education in less than three years at
Davis High School’s Language Institute, but received notice last month
they were not approved for another year, putting their family’s future
in doubt. Fatima, 19, and her 18-year-old brother are presumably too old
to continue in the program or lack credits to graduate on time.</p><div class="gmail-teads-inread" style="margin:0px auto 25px;max-width:550px;height:357px"><div style=""><div class="gmail-teads-ui-components-adchoices" style="display:block"></div><div class="gmail-teads-ui-components-label" style="display:block">ADVERTISING</div><div class="gmail-teads-player" id="gmail-teads0"></div><div class="gmail-teads-ui-components-credits" style="display:block"><a href="http://inread-experience.teads.tv" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span class="gmail-teads-ui-components-credits-colored">inRead</span> invented by Teads</a></div></div></div>
<p>Refugee and immigrant students at
various levels of education are at the heart of a debate over
enrollment policy in Modesto City Schools that returns to the district
board Monday evening.</p>
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<p>People who support their cause
say the district should relax its age-based policies to accommodate the
vulnerable young people, who have arrived in larger numbers in recent
years. </p>
<p>Since October 2014, almost 2,000
refugees of all ages, most from Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria, have
resettled in Stanislaus County, though the influx has slowed down under
the Trump administration. Students from more than 30 countries are
served by the Language Institute at Davis, created in 2009 to provide
robust language training and prepare newcomer students for success.</p>
<p>Refugee agencies such as World
Relief rely on the Language Institute to educate the high schoolers at
Davis and younger adolescents at Roosevelt Junior High. The expense for
supplemental services, support staff and counselors for students who may
have suffered trauma in violent conflicts costs about $1.3 million a
year above the base financial support, the school district said Friday.</p>
<p>Investments in education can be
measured against the costs of academic failure. A single high school
dropout costs society almost $300,000 over a lifetime, in terms of lower
tax revenue and costs of public services, according to a Northeastern
University study. A person with a high school diploma makes a net
lifetime fiscal contribution of $287,000 and a college graduate will
contribute $793,000.</p>
<p>The award-winning language
program has been successful over the years, sending almost 90 percent of
graduates to college in 2016. About 350 were enrolled in the program as
of March.</p>
<p>Some have argued for years that
the district’s antiquated enrollment policies are unfair to the refugee
and immigrant students and undermine the mission to help them earn
diplomas and prepare for college.</p>
<p>The board on Monday will consider
a proposal to increase the time that some newcomers spend in high
school to learn English and adjust to American life. One proposal would
allow English learners age 16 and 17, who have no credits to transfer
from their previous country of residence, to enroll as 10th graders, or
sophomores, instead of being placed in 11th grade with other students
their age.</p>
<p>The longtime policy of placing
newcomers in grade levels based on their age, regardless of education
experience, has forced some to squeeze English learning and mainstream
coursework into less than four years of high school.</p>
<p>The school board could also
formalize rules for “fifth year” status granted to some students at
Modesto high schools who can’t graduate on time because they missed
school, dealt with health issues or, in the case of refugee students,
stopped attending school in countries where they first lived after
fleeing their homeland.</p>
<p>The proposed language for fifth
year status is more restrictive than current practice that has allowed
some 20-year-old high schoolers to graduate in the past. Students would
not be eligible if they would turn 20 during the extra year. Those
approved for extra time are expected to graduate at the end of that
school year. </p>
<p>Lindsey Bird, coordinator of the
Language Institute, said Friday that some of the proposed language is a
step in the right direction for newcomers, but she was still closely
reviewing the policy updates, some of which were revised after a May 8
workshop.</p>
<p>Some advocates have suggested the
district adopt a federal law that allows English learners age 19 to 21
to remain in high school. School board trustees have concerns about
21-year-old adults sharing classrooms with 14- and 15-year-old students.</p>
<p>“I could see both sides,” Trustee
Chad Brown said last week. “I don’t know that new arrivals should be
looked at differently than the general student population.”</p>
<p>Bird said a small number of
Language Institute students would need to stay at Davis High until they
are 21. Most students earn a diploma in the traditional time or with the
fifth year option, Bird said. Some who age out before earning a diploma
prefer to attend adult school.</p>
<p>A policy and guidelines could be
written for newcomers like Fatima Musa-Khan who are enrolled late in
their high school career and need to make up for large gaps in
education. Of 20 students in the Language Institute who requested extra
time this spring, Fatima was the only one who would turn 21 before
graduating, Bird said.</p>
<p>The uncertainty experienced by
those 20 students called attention to the need for updated policies. An
uproar was sparked in April when their requests for an extra year were
marked “pending approval” and then 10 of the students received denial
letters, apparently because those students would turn 20 next year.
Three students were allowed an additional semester and seven were
approved for the extra year.</p>
<p>Lawyers with California Rural
Legal Assistance filed discrimination claims and urged the district to
reconsider the denials while the school board considered updated
enrollment policies. Davis High administration issued new letters in
mid-May, allowing 18 of the newcomers another year starting in the fall.</p>
<p>A coalition that backs the
Language Institute doubts that newcomers like Fatima and Khuda will fare
well with the online courses at adult schools.</p>
<p>Sam Pierstorff, an English
professor at Modesto Junior College who has urged the school district to
relax policies, said the community college is not as qualified and
lacks the technology to teach newcomers who came here with no prior
education.</p>
<p>English conversation classes for
young adults are usually held a couple days a week. “They don’t get the
daily immersion. The don’t get the emotional support and the interaction
with other students,” Pierstorff said.</p>
<p>Sarah Williams, a case manager
for World Relief, said there are no other suitable programs in Modesto
for newcomers like Fatima and Khuda, whereas the Language Institute is
especially designed to meet their needs. “She is doing really well and
she could graduate if she had another year or two,” Williams noted.</p>
<p>Khuda said his sister can’t get a job without a better grasp of English and high school diploma.</p>
<p>Maria Merza is a college-bound
student who gave up getting approved for another year at Davis. In just
three years at Davis, the newcomer from Syria went from a zero score in
English comprehension to reading almost at college level and earned a
grade point average of 4.1.</p>
<p>Merza, 19, asked for a fourth
year to take classes to make her eligible for University of California
admission, but the promising student was denied. She ultimately decided
to whisk through online classes in May to finish high school and is
mulling over college options.</p>
<p>She is scheduled to testify
Tuesday before the Senate Education Committee in Sacramento on Assembly
Bill 2121, which would guarantee access to an extra year of high school
to students who enroll in migrant education in 10th grade or later. The
bill’s author, Assemblywoman Anna Caballero, D-Salinas, agreed to add
refugee students to the bill.</p>
<p>Davis High student Halima Rajimi
was overjoyed to have her initial denial letter reversed last month,
giving her an extra year of high school. She said some of her friends
were never in English immersion classes and gave up on school. </p>
<p>Rajimi, 19, speaks three
languages from talking with people of different ethnic groups in
Afghanistan and living in Pakistan, and knows Hindi from watching
Bollywood movies. She needs summer school and another year at Davis to
graduate and then attend MJC to earn credits to transfer to a
university. She wants to work as an ultrasound technician.</p>
<p>Rogelio Rodriguez, 17, was 11
years old when he stopped going to school in El Salvador, where children
walking to school are accosted by gangs. He sought political asylum in
the United States and was enrolled in the Language Institute in
December.</p>
<p>Rodriguez thought his time at
Davis had been cut short but received a letter last month reversing the
decision and granting him another year. He wants to become a police
officer.</p>
<p>“In El Salvador, the leaders are
focused on political issues and are not focused on bettering life for
young people,” Rodriguez said through a translator.</p>
<p>Fatima, Khuda and an older sister
have been refugees their entire lives after their parents fled
Afghanistan when the Mujahideen and former Soviet Union battled for
control of the country in the 1980s. Khuda said Afghans living in
Pakistan deal with discrimination and he most likely faced a future of
working as a laborer there. His mother had to pay for the three months
of schooling he received.</p>
<p>Khuda, whose father died years
ago, washes dishes at an ice cream shop in Modesto when he’s not
studying at Davis High. He usually spends lunch time at Davis reading a
book. He feels responsible for getting an education and supporting the
family.</p>
<p>Haroon Mohammad, an Afghan who
worked for U.S. special forces as a translator and guide, sometimes
checks in on the family at an apartment complex in Modesto.</p>
<p>“I see him trying hard to support the family,” Mohammad said, referring to Khuda. “He is putting the pressure on himself.”</p>
<p>Khuda said the Language Institute is his best option for improving his English, earning a diploma and preparing for college.</p>
<p>“I am never going to give up,” he said. “I will still continue to study. Without an education, I can’t do anything.” </p>
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<span class="gmail-caption-text">Refugees
Khuda Musa-Khan, left, and his sister Fatima Musa-Khan have been told
they can no longer attend Davis High School language institute because
they have aged out, both have 50 more units to earn their diplomas.
Photographed at their home in Modesto, Calif., Wednesday, May 30, 2018. </span>
<span class="gmail-photographer">Andy Alfaro</span>
<span class="gmail-credits"><a href="mailto:aalfaro@modbee.com">aalfaro@modbee.com</a></span>
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<br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+<br><br> Harold F. Schiffman<br><br>Professor Emeritus of <br> Dravidian Linguistics and Culture <br>Dept. of South Asia Studies <br>University of Pennsylvania<br>Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305<br><br>Phone: (215) 898-7475<br>Fax: (215) 573-2138 <br><br>Email: <a href="mailto:haroldfs@gmail.com" target="_blank">haroldfs@gmail.com</a><br><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/" target="_blank">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/</a> <br><br>-------------------------------------------------</div>
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