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<a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/The_Edge/" class="gmail-topic-1 gmail-txt">The Edge</a>
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Multilingualism should be embraced for its upsides in identity, creativity and economics
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<p>India is a multilingual country; we publish newspapers in 35
languages. India’s languages are incredibly expressive; Himachal
Pradesh’s 16 languages have 200 words for snow including one that means
‘falling when the moon is up’. Languages are fundamental to identity and
social cohesion, but our shifting language policy is driven by the
perceived primacy of one language, outdated assessments, and misjudging
impact of choices. I would like to make the case for a sensitive rethink
of language policy in education that bends towards multilingualism and
recognises our needs of identity, creativity and economics.</p><p><b>Disruption</b></p><p>
Linguist, Claude Hagege says languages are not simply a collection of
words; they are living, breathing organisms holding the connections of a
culture. <span class="gmail-ng_TypographyTag">Ethnologue</span> Editor Paul
Lewis warns about the close links between language and identity; if
people begin to think of their language as useless, they see their
identity as such as well, and this leads to social disruption. Almost
all higher education is in English and we must listen to Mark Tully’s
argument that it must become a “genuine link language of the country,
not just, as it is at present, the link language of the elite”. The
demise of Indian languages has nothing to do with English; Firag
Gorakhpuri and Harivansh Rai Bachan — two interesting poets of Urdu and
Hindi — were professors of English literature. Our English is our own —
recognised as a different syntax, phonology and lexical structure. But
home languages are critical because they encapsulate our culture, who we
are, how we think differently. We need a healthy attitude to languages
that moves away from parochialism, build languages with time-tested
traditions in homes, and scientific teaching of language in schools.
Co-existence of many languages, races, cultures, and religions has been
the essence of Indian heritage, with established traditions of a
language at home, one for work and another for socialising, and we must
retain that.</p><p><b>Creativity</b></p><p>Multilingualism is a
key to creativity; it impacts cognitive development by affecting the
function and structure of the brain, catalyses executive functioning,
problem solving and task switching ability, and creates original
thinking. In India, the role of English has become like Windows; an
operating system because of higher labour mobility, it’s role in
business and technology, and our economic trajectory towards services.
Can that be enough? <span class="gmail-ng_TypographyTag">The Economist</span>
suggests that 2/3rd of 572 multinational companies credit multicultural
teams for their success. The economic upsides of multilingualism are
many but the most obvious is in jobs and wage premiums.</p><p>Harvard
educator Nonie LeSaux suggests that language building needs an
accumulation of experiences and interactions — at home and school —
developing both skills and knowledge. Studies in African countries,
possibly the only other linguistically diverse heritages, show that
bilingual literacy teaching needs structured learning programmes, using
high quality resources and training. Development of languages needs the
support of aligned standards, sequenced curriculum, instruction, and
assessments, and also renewed curricular approaches and resources. But
our policies and assessments need updating first. We need to get to
schools where identity, heritage and diversity are legitimised and there
is freedom to work with languages based on the community needs, where
early immersion in two languages replaces the jerky start or stop of the
three language policy.</p><p>Countries are narratives and the stories
we tell our children have long shadows. A multilingual India is more
tolerant, more creative, and more innovative and hence more economically
successful, politically stable and resilient than a monolingual one.
People are ahead of politics on this issue but schools are held back by
policy. Set us free so we can do two languages well.</p><p><i>The writer is a Managing Trustee of Neev Academy</i></p>
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<br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+<br><br> Harold F. Schiffman<br><br>Professor Emeritus of <br> Dravidian Linguistics and Culture <br>Dept. of South Asia Studies <br>University of Pennsylvania<br>Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305<br><br>Phone: (215) 898-7475<br>Fax: (215) 573-2138 <br><br>Email: <a href="mailto:haroldfs@gmail.com" target="_blank">haroldfs@gmail.com</a><br><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/" target="_blank">http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/</a> <br><br>-------------------------------------------------</div></div>