<div dir="ltr">I'm so glad for the 'resurrection' of the Language Lists. I am so happy to see this list of Hal's Written Legacy. I know that each review, article, chapter and book was a labor of love and became one of his Mental Children. I am also happy to see all the recent summaries of language articles and look forward to having the time to read each one of the full articles. Hal truly loved the List Serve and was so grateful when Dr. Hult was able to take over this important communication to the world of Language Warriors and Lovers. Thank you.</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, May 2, 2023 at 6:58 AM Francis M. Hult via Lgpolicy <<a href="mailto:lgpolicy@lists.mail.umbc.edu">lgpolicy@lists.mail.umbc.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><div>Dear colleagues,</div><div><br></div><div>The <a href="https://listserv.linguistlist.org/pipermail/lgpolicy-list/" target="_blank">Lgpolicy archives</a> at Linguist List are working again.  I thought it would be fitting for the first substantive archived post on the updated version of Lgpolicy to recognize Hal Schiffman (1938-2022), the list founder who managed it for over 20 years.  Below is a bibliography of his works compiled by UMBC TESOL alumna Sara Clement.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Francis</div><div><br></div><div><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div>--</div><div><font size="2"><b>Francis M. Hult, PhD, FRGS</b> </font><font size="2"><span>|</span></font><b> </b>Professor</div><div>Department of Education</div><div>University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)</div><div><br></div><div>Editor, <a href="https://www.springer.com/series/5894" target="_blank">Educational Linguistics Book Series</a> <br></div><div>Co-Editor, <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/serial/16644" target="_blank">Contributions to the Sociology of Language Book Series</a></div><div></div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://education.umbc.edu/faculty-list/francis-m-hult/" target="_blank">Web Profile</a> <span>|</span> <a href="http://umbc.academia.edu/FrancisMHult" target="_blank">Academia.edu</a> | <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2x7pOMwAAAAJ&h" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a> | <a href="http://tesol.umbc.edu/" target="_blank">TESOL@UMBC</a></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align:left"><img src="https://docs.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1fisFF2r5HmuH2StP__rWJ0Um428jss1K&revid=0B3gZQJj4wrwIcGR6Yzc5a1VuQ1NGUExQZkJpL0ZJb2xrUkgwPQ" width="62" height="96"></div><div style="text-align:left"><br></div><div style="text-align:left"><br></div><div style="text-align:left">
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;text-align:center;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" id="m_-2303656921115403912m_-7811104768713266435gmail-docs-internal-guid-557726c4-7fff-826e-9572-a110d56759c7"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Bibliography of the Works of Harold F. Schiffman</span></p><br><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">             Dissertation</span></h1><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1969). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">A transformational grammar of the Tamil aspectual system </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(Order No. T-17459). [Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (302514527).</span></p><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Books</span></h1><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1971). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Reader for advanced spoken Tamil, parts 1 and 2.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Institute of International Studies, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. & Eastman, C. (Eds.). (1975). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Dravidian phonological systems</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. South Asian Studies Program, Institute for Comparative and Foreign Area Studies, and University of Washington Press.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1979). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">A grammar of spoken Tamil.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Christian Literature Society. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1983). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">A reference grammar of spoken Kannada </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(Vol. 39)</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">University of Washington Press and School of International Studies Publications on Asia.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Shapiro, M. C., & Schiffman, H. F. (1983). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language and society in South Asia. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Foris Publications. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Breton, R. (1991). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Geolinguistics: Language dynamics and ethno-linguistic geography</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. (H. F. Schiffman, Trans.)  Les Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa. (Original work published 1983)</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. (1996). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Linguistic culture and language policy</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. Routledge. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Blanchet, P., Breton, R., & Schiffman, H. F. (Eds.). (1999). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Les langues régionales de France: Un état des lieux à la veille du XXI</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"><span style="font-size:0.6em;vertical-align:super">e</span></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> siècle</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> [The regional languages of France: An inventory on the eve of the 21st century].</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Louvain-la-Neuve: Éditions Peeters: Bibliothèque des Cahiers de l'Institut de Linguistique de Louvain.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1999). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">A reference grammar of spoken Tamil.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Cambridge University Press. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Blanchet, P., Schiffman, H. F. & Fishman, J. (Eds.). (2004). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The sociolinguistics of southern “Occitan” France, Revisited</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. Mouton de Gruyter.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">García, O., Peltz, R., & Schiffman, H. F. (2006). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language loyalty, continuity and change: Joshua A. Fishman’s contributions to international sociolinguistics</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. Multilingual Matters.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F., & Renganathan, V. (2008). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">An English dictionary of the Tamil verb. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Linguistic Data Consortium.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (Ed.). (2012). </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors: The changing politics of language choice</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. Brill. </span></p><br><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Articles</span></h1><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F., & Messick, S. (1963). Chapter VII: Scaling and measurement theory. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Review of Educational Research, 33</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(5), 533-542.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1976). Causativity and the Tamil verbal base. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">5</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), 238-248.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1982). Negation in Tamil: Semantic and syntactic aspects. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">South Asian Review, 6</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(3), 104-116. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1987). Losing the battle for balanced bilingualism: The German-American case. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language Problems and Language Planning, 11</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1), 66-81.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Dillon, G., Doyle, A., Eastman, C., Schiffman, H., Silberstein, S., Toolan, M., Kline, S., & Philipsen, G. (1989). Analyzing a speech event: The Bush-Rather exchange - a (not very) dramatic dialogue. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Cultural Anthropology,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">4</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1), 73-94. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1989). Language loyalty in South Asia: Some problems and approaches. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Berliner Indologische Studien, 4</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">, 215-228.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1991). Swiss-German diglossia. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 10</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1), 173-188.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1992). 'Resisting arrest' in status planning: Structural and covert impediments to status change.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Language and Communication, 12</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1), 1-15. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1993). Intervocalic -v- deletion in Tamil: Evidence for aspect as a morphological category.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Journal of the American Oriental Society, 113</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(4), 513-528.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1993). The balance of power in multiglossic languages: Implications for language shift.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 103</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">, 115-148.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1995). Desiderata for a modern English dictionary of Tamil.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> South Asian Language Review, 5</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1), 1-22. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1995). Language shift in the Tamil communities of Malaysia and Singapore: The paradox of egalitarian language policy.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 14</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1-2), 151-165.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1998). Standardization or restandardization: The case for "standard" spoken Tamil.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Language in Society, 27</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(3), 359-385. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2002). Malaysian Tamils and Tamil linguistic culture.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Language and Communication, 22</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), 159-169. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2003). Tongue-tied in Singapore: A language policy for Tamil? </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 2</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), 105-125.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2005). Deverbal nominal derivation in Tamil.  </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics, 34</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), 159-166.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2005). Verbal nouns in Tamil. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics, 34</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), 159-166.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2007). Is Kannada endangered? </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Apagrasta Kannada.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2008). The ausbau issue in the Dravidian languages: The case of Tamil and the problem of purism.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 191</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">, 45-63.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F., & Weiner, R. E. (2012). The language policy of state drivers' license testing: Expediency, symbolism, or creeping incrementalism.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Language Policy, 11</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), 189-196.</span></p><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Chapters in Books</span></h1><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1974). Language, linguistics and politics in Tamilnad. In E. Gerow & M. D. Lang (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Studies in the language and culture of South Asia </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 125-34). University of Washington Press. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F.  (1978). Diglossia and purity/pollution in Tamil.  In C. Maloney (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Contributions to Asian studies, Vol. II: Language and civilization change in South Asia</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 98-110). Brill. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1979). The Coimbatore dialect. In B. Beck (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Perspectives on a regional culture: Essays about the Coimbatore district of South India</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 111-128). Carolina Academic Press and Vikas Publishing House.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1980). The Tamil liquids. In B. R. Caron, M. A. B. Hoffman, M. Silva, J. Van Oosten, D. K. Alford, K. A. Hunold, M. Macaulay, & J. Manley-Buser (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Proceedings of the sixth annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 100-110). Berkeley Linguistics Society, University of California.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1981). Handling variation in South Asian dialectology: Is there a forest among the trees?" In M. Arumachalam (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Proceedings of the 5th international conference-seminar of Tamil studies</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 29-36). International Association of Tamil Research.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1985). Diglossic variation in Tamil film and fiction (with S. Arokianathan). In B. Krishnamurti, C. Masica, & A. K. Sinha (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">South Asian languages: Structure, convergence, and diglossia</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 371-381). Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Schiffman, H. F. (1985). South Indian linguistics today. In R. Frykenberg & P. Kolenda (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Studies of South India: An anthology of recent research and scholarship</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 295-307). New Era Publications.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F.  (1986). Deferential speech acts and the pragmatics of politeness in Tamil: From case to aspect. In J. A. Fishman, A. Tabouret-Keller, M. Clyne, B. Krishnamurti, & M. Abdulaziz (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The Fergusonian impact. Vol. II, sociolinguistics and the sociology of language</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 23-33). Mouton de Gruyter.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1988). The role of the Tamil film in social and political change. In M. Jayazery & W. Winter (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Languages and cultures: Studies in honor of Edgar C. Polomé</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 581-590). Mouton de Gruyter.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1989). The Malayalam-Tamil relationship and the abstractness of phonological representations. In B. G. Nair (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Proceedings of the first international seminar on Dravidian linguistics and the 14th All-India conference of Dravidian linguistics</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 9-27). Dravidian Linguistics Association.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1991). Kannada. In W. Bright (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Oxford international encyclopedia of linguistics, vol. II </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 266-268). Clarendon Press.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1994). Diglossia, linguistic culture and language policy in Southeast Asia. In K. L. Adams & T. J. Hudak (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Papers from the second annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1992 </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp.279-307). Arizona State University.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1997). Diglossia as a sociolinguistic situation. In F. Coulmas (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The handbook of sociolinguistics </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 205-216). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1999). Language, primordialism and sentiment. In G. Palmer & D. Occhi (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Languages of sentiment</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 25-38). John Benjamins. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1999). South and Southeast Asia. In J. A. Fishman (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Handbook of language and ethnic identity</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 431-443). Oxford University Press.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2002). French language policy: Centrism, Orwellian </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">dirigisme</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">, or economic determinism?. In L. Wei, J. -M. Dewaele, & A. Housen (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Opportunities and challenges of bilingualism</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 89-104). De Gruyter Mouton.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2002). Linguistic tolerance policies: Can a viable model be constructed for Moldova? In A. Gremalschi (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Educating tolerance in multicultural societies: Roundtable discussion materials</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 251-259). Chisinau: Soros Foundation Moldova and ARC Publishing House.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2004). The Tamil case system. In J. -L. Chevillard and E. Wilden (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">South-Indian horizons: Felicitation volume for François Gros on the occasion of his 70th birthday </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 301-313). Institut Français de Pondichéry and École Française d'Extrême-Orient.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2005). Bilingualism in South Asia: Friend or foe?. In J. Cohen, K. T. McAlister, K. Rolstad, & J. MacSwan (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on bilingualism </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 2104-2114). Cascadilla Press.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2005). The grammaticalization of aspect in Tamil and its semantic sources.  In S. Mufwene, E. Francis, & R. Wheeler (Eds.) </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Polymorphous linguistics: Jim McCawley’s legacy </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 83-108). MIT Press.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Renganathan, V., & Schiffman, H. F. (2006). The impact of technological advances on Tamil language use and planning. In A. Saxena,& L. Borin (Eds.) </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Lesser known languages of South Asia: Status and policies, case studies and applications of information technology </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 203-210).</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Mouton de Gruyter.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2006). Language policy and linguistic culture. In T. Ricento (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> An introduction to language policy: Theory and method </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 111-126). Blackwell Publishing. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2007). Tamil language policy in Singapore: The role of implementation. In V. Vaish, S. Gopinathan, & Y. Liu (Eds.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language, capital, culture: Critical studies of language and education in Singapore </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 209-226). Sense Publishers.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2009). Language, language policy, and citizenship: Three views compared. In J. V. Ciprut (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The future of citizenship </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(pp. 75-95). MIT Press.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2010). Language contact in South Asia. In R. Hickey (Ed.), </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The handbook of language contact</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> (pp. 738-756). Blackwell Publishing.</span></p><h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:20pt;margin-bottom:6pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Book Reviews</span></h1><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1978). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Linguistic composition of the nations of the world: Vol. I, central and western South Asia,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> by H. Kloss & G. C. McConnell (Eds)]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The Modern Language Journal, LXII</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(4), 216-217.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1982). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language and linguistic area: Essays,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> by M. B. Emeneau]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language, 58</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1), 185-193. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1990). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Council from the ancients: A study of Badaga proverbs, prayers, omens and curses,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> by P. Hockings]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language in Society, 19</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(4), 607-609. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1990). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Reduplizierte Verbstämme im Tamil, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">by T. Malten]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">53</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(3), 537-538.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1990). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The serial verb formation in the Dravidian languages,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> by S. Steever]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Journal of the American Oriental Society, 110</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1), 148-149.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1992). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The Indo-Aryan languages,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> by C. P. Masica]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">American Anthropologist, 94</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(4), 1017-1018. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (1999). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">English in new cultural contexts,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> by  J. A. Foley, T. Kandiah, B. Zhiming, A. F. Gupta, L. Alsagoff, H. C. Lick, L. Wee, I. S. Talib, & W. Bokhorst-Heng]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language and Education, 13</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(3), 228-331. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2000). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language, society and education in Singapore,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> by S. Gopinathan, A. Pakir, H. W. Kam, & V. Saravanan]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language and Eduction, 14</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(1), 64-68.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2001). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Atlas of the languages and ethnic communities of South Asia, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">by R. J.-L. Breton]</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">. Language in Society, 30</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), 331-332.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2001). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language, education and culture,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> by T. Rahman]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language in Society, 30</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), xvi, 318. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H.F. (2002). Response to Sanford B. Steever's Review of A reference grammar of spoken Tamil. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">78</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(3), 556-558.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2003). [Review of the book </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language, ideology and power: Language-learning among Muslims of Pakistan and North India, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">by Tariq Rahman].</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Language Policy, 2</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(2), 203-205.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2004). [Review of the book  </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Fighting words: Language policy and ethnic relations in Asia, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">by M. E. Brown & Š. Ganguly (Eds)]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Journal of Asian Studies 63</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">(4), 1069-1071.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Schiffman, H. F. (2009). [Review of the book</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> Linguistic inequality in scientific communication today, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">by H. A. Carli & U. Ammon (Eds.)]. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Language Policy 8</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">, 303-305.</span></p><br>

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