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      <DIV class=storyheadline>Linguist Deciphers Uses of Word 'Dude' </DIV><BR 
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      <P><!-- TextStart --><FONT size=-1><I>By MIKE CRISSEY, Associated Press 
      Writer</I></FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=arial size=-1>PITTSBURGH — Dude, you've got to read this. A 
      linguist from the University of Pittsburgh has published a scholarly paper 
      deconstructing and deciphering the word "dude," contending it is much more 
      than a catchall for lazy, inarticulate surfers, skaters, slackers and 
      teenagers. </FONT>
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      <P>An admitted dude-user during his college years, Scott Kiesling said the 
      four-letter word has many uses: in greetings ("What's up, dude?"); as an 
      exclamation ("Whoa, Dude!"); commiseration ("Dude, I'm so sorry."); to 
      one-up someone ("That's so lame, dude."); as well as agreement, surprise 
      and disgust ("Dude."). 
      <P>
      <P>Kiesling says in the fall edition of American Speech that the word 
      derives its power from something he calls cool solidarity — an effortless 
      kinship that's not too intimate. 
      <P>
      <P>Cool solidarity is especially important to young men who are under 
      social pressure to be close with other young men, but not enough to be 
      suspected as gay. 
      <P>
      <P>In other words: Close, dude, but not that close. 
      <P>
      <P>"It's like man or buddy, there is often this male-male addressed term 
      that says, 'I'm your friend but not much more than your friend,'" said 
      Kiesling, whose research focuses on language and masculinity. 
      <P>
      <P>To decode the word's meaning, Kiesling listened to conversations with 
      fraternity members he taped in 1993. He also had undergraduate students in 
      sociolinguistics classes in 2001 and 2002 write down the first 20 times 
      they heard "dude" and who said it during a three-day period. 
      <P>
      <P>He found the word taps into nonconformity and a new American image of 
      leisurely success. 
      <P>
      <P>Anecdotally, men were the predominant users of the word, but women 
      sometimes call each other dudes. 
      <P>
      <P>Less frequently, men will call women dudes and vice versa. But that 
      comes with some rules, according to self-reporting from students in a 2002 
      language and gender class included in the paper. 
      <P>
      <P>"Men report that they use dude with women with whom they are close 
      friends, but not with women with whom they are intimate," according to the 
      study. 
      <P>
      <P>His students also reported that they were least likely to use the word 
      with parents, bosses and professors. 
      <P>
      <P>Historically, dude originally meant "old rags" — a "dudesman" was a 
      scarecrow. In the late 1800s, a "dude" was akin to a "dandy," a 
      meticulously dressed man, especially out West. It became "cool" in the 
      1930s and 1940s, according to Kiesling. Dude began its rise in the teenage 
      lexicon with the 1981 movie "Fast Times at Ridgemont High." 
      <P>
      <P>"Dude" also shows no signs of disappearing as more and more of our 
      culture becomes youth-centered, said Mary Bucholtz, an associate professor 
      of linguistics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. 
      <P>
      <P>"I have seen middle-aged men using 'dude' with each other," she said. 
      <P>
      <P>___ 
      <P>
      <P>On the Net: 
      <P>
      <P>American Dialectic Society: <A 
      href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/ap/ap_on_re_us/storytext/read_this/13647167/SIG=1105l15io/*http://www.americandialect.org">http://www.americandialect.org</A> 

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