<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi Nate,<br><br></div>My former graduate student Glenn Abastillas completed an MA thesis in Linguistics at Georgetown last year on a relevant topic. He looked at Cebuano/English code-switching in the Philippines, primarily through the study of Twitter. I think you will find it relevant to your project. The abstract and link to the full text are below:<br><br><h2 class="">DIVERGENCE IN CEBUANO AND ENGLISH CODE-SWITCHING PRACTICES IN CEBUANO SPEECH COMMUNITIES IN THE CENTRAL PHILIPPINE</h2><font size="4"><b>Glenn Abastillas, BSN<br></b></font> <br>Thesis Advisor: Jacqueline Messing, Ph.D. <br><br>Abstract <br>The Philippines is a diverse linguistic environment with more than 8 major languages <br>spoken and a complicated language policy affected by its colonization history. With this <br>context, this research investigates Cebuano and English code-switching (CS) in the <br>Central Philippines and Mindanao. This research draws from prior studies placing <br>multilingual and code-switched language practices at the center of an individual’s <br>identity rather than at the margins (Woolard, 1998; Stell, 2010; Eppler, 2010; Weston, <br>2013). Code-switching is defined to be the hybrid of multiple languages and, <br>subsequently, multiple identities (Bullock & Toribio, 2009). I expand on these ideas to <br>examine the homogeneity of Cebuano identity across four Cebuano speaking provinces in <br>the Central Philippines and Mindanao through their CS practice in computer mediated <br>communication (CMC) on Twitter. I demonstrate that the Cebuano speech community is <br>divergent in their CS practices split into two general groups, which are employing CS <br>practices at significantly different rates. <br><br>Using computational tools, I implement a mixed methods approach in collecting and <br>analyzing the data. My data consist of short manually tagged messages called tweets from <br>the social media platform Twitter. Tweets were collected at various times during the day <br>and night over a period of 3 months from the Cebuano speaking provinces of Cebu, <br>Negros Oriental, Misamis Oriental, and Davao del Sur. Collectively, there were 2,652 <br>users, tweeting 7,729 times, who contributed to this corpus, representing language from <br>all four provinces in both rural and urban contexts. A chi-square (χ2) analysis on CS with <br>respect to province found that the four provinces employ CS at significantly (χ2 = 84.75, <br>p < .001) different rates. A chi-square analysis also showed that there was a strong relationship <br>between CS and population density (χ2 = 3.47, p < .1). Lastly, a T-test <br>analysis showed that longer tweets are significantly more likely to have CS than shorter <br>tweets (one-sample t(105) = 6.7963, p < .001). <br><br>The results of the chi-square analysis demonstrate a divergence in the Cebuano speech <br>community in the Philippines. That is, the southern provinces of Misamis Oriental and <br>Davao del Sur (Southern Group) adopt CS significantly more than the northern provinces <br>of Cebu and Negros Oriental (Northern Group), which were less likely to adopt CS. <br>Because of a strong pro-Cebuano sentiment in Cebu, I reason that the Northern Group <br>adheres more strongly to the Cebuano identity resulting in less CS. Conversely, the <br>Southern Groups may be identifying less with Cebu and the Cebuano identity, which <br>results in more CS. In summary, the Cebuano speech communities in the Philippines <br>express their differentiating identities through adoption of CS. <br><div class=""><div class=""><div class="">
<h5>Permanent Link</h5>
<span><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10822/760907">http://hdl.handle.net/10822/760907</a></span>
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<h5>Date</h5>2015</div>
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<h5>Subject</h5>
<div>Cebuano; code-switching; computer mediated communication; corpus
linguistics; identity; Twitter; Linguistics; Asia -- Research;
Communication; Oral communication; Linguistics; Asian studies;
Communication; </div>
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<br><div><div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jun 4, 2016 at 2:42 PM, Rachel Flamenbaum <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:rnflame@gmail.com" target="_blank">rnflame@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Nate,<div>You've hit on a major lacuna in ling anth and its allied fields--there is a ton of work out there on digital learning and computer mediated communication, but it tends to be sited in informal (ie non-institutional) white middle class post-industrial contexts, and few are oriented from a language ideologies or language-as-social-action perspective. </div><div><br></div><div>I'm about a week away from filing my dissertation on socialization into digital literacies (and their related ideologies) across class in Ghana, which speaks to many of these issues. I have some work in the publication pipeline, but the only thing currently out is a small piece as part of a AA vital topics forum on A<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aman.12143/abstract" target="_blank">nthro in and of MOOCs</a> edited by Graham Jones--all of the authors are troubling a priori assumptions of monolithic user experience in some way. </div><div><br></div><div>If you haven't come across their work already, you might also look at what Mark Warschauer and Morgan Ames have done (separately and together) on the design of the XO laptop and the One Laptop Per Child program's claims re: "the world's poor," as well as Lisa Poggiali's work in the burgeoning tech sphere in Nairobi and Lily Irani's work on HCI and entrepreneurial citizenship as tied up with tech in India. I'm sure I'm forgetting important additions to this list, but I plead dissertation brain!</div><div><br></div><div>Outside of academia, the Joan Ganz Cooney Center (housed in the Sesame Workshop) has some <a href="http://www.joanganzcooneycenter.org/publications/" target="_blank">really useful publications</a> on media use in lower-income and ethnically-diverse families, geared towards shifting policy and design.</div><div><br></div><div>Would love to continue the conversation more with you and others interested in this work!</div><div><br></div><div>Back to the dissertating grindstone,</div><div>Rachel</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><font face="verdana, sans-serif" size="1">Rachel Flamenbaum, M.A.</font><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif" color="#666666" size="1">Doctoral Candidate</font></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif" color="#666666" size="1">Department of Anthropology, UCLA</font></div><div><br></div><div><font face="verdana, sans-serif" color="#666666" size="1"><br></font></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div class="h5">On Sat, Jun 4, 2016 at 7:57 AM, Nathaniel Dumas <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:nadumas@ucsc.edu" target="_blank">nadumas@ucsc.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br></div></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div class="h5"><div dir="ltr">Good morning colleagues!<div><br></div><div>I hope all is well. I'm emailing to ask if anyone knows of any work that is specific to the tech industry on language ideologies and their intersections with race/ethnicity? I ask because I am about to start working with a non-profit aimed at increasing African American participation in tech, particularly to train critical user experience researchers. Yet much of the work that is out there on speech events like the 'user interview' and 'diary studies' do not take ethnicity and language ideologies into account. Moreover, a majority of the work excludes and omits much of the work done by critical native anthropologists who have raised critiques of traditional anthropological methods that the tech industry often uses in UX research without doing any critical appraises of it that really challenge status quo ideologies.</div><div><br></div><div>Also, most of the work, except in the context of international user experience research, assumes a cultural homogeneity within work in the US, and has consequences for how persons of color who come from different backgrounds may be evaluated as 'effective' and 'non-effective' interviewers as tech begins to push for more people of color to be a part of their teams without a critical understanding of all this entails. Of course, I could point my colleagues to Charles Briggs' work, but tech people, I've found, like to read things a bit more closely aligned to their industry and it's a long hard battle since user experience research has had a particular bent towards psychology/cognitive science.</div><div><br></div><div>That said, does anyone know of any linguistic anthropology work on this, or graduate students currently working on this? I'd also like to use these materials to start reshaping the diversity and inclusion training as well at levels higher up, so if anyone has any best practices for that, that too would be great.<br clear="all"><div><br></div><div>Cheers,</div><div>Nate</div><span><font color="#888888"><div><br></div>-- <br><div data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr">Nathaniel Dumas<div>Research Associate, Department of Anthropology</div><div>University of Santa Cruz</div><div><a href="mailto:nadumas@ucsc.edu" target="_blank">nadumas@ucsc.edu</a></div></div></div>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2">
<font face="Arial">Jacqueline Messing, Ph.D.<br>Instructor, Department of Anthropology<br>University of Maryland-College Park</font></font></div><div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" size="2"><br></font></div><div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" size="2"><div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000">Instructor, Department of Linguistics<br></font><font color="#000000">Georgetown University<br></font></div></font></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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