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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Hi Nate,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">You may find this recent piece from a neighboring field (communication studies) useful even though it doesn’t have an explicit focus on race and ethnicity:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Hart, T. (2016). Learning how to speak like a “native”: Speech and culture in an online communication training program.
<i>Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 30</i>(3)<i>,</i> 285-321. doi:</span>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">10.1177/1050651916636363<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">This article examines the oral communication training that took place in Eloqi, a virtual language-learning community. Eloqi (a pseudonym) was a for-profit
start-up that built and operated a proprietary Web-based, voice-enabled platform connecting English-language learners in China with trainers in the United States. While it existed, Eloqi’s unique platform was used to deliver short, one-on-one lessons designed
to improve students’ oral English communication skills. Using the ethnography of communication and speech codes theory, a theoretical–methodological approach, the author presents an analysis of the speech code, or code of communicative conduct, employed at
Eloqi. This code of English logic, which Eloqi’s community members associated with native English speech, comprised six locally defined rules for oral English speech; namely, speech had to be organized, succinct, spontaneously composed rather than rehearsed,
original and honest, proactively improved, and positive. This article discusses the significance of this code, particularly as it pertains to cultural communication, and concludes with some implications for researchers and practitioners in business and technical
communication.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Cheers, David<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">--<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">David Boromisza-Habashi, Ph.D.<br>
Assistant Professor, Department of Communication<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">College of Media, Communication and Information, University of Colorado Boulder<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Linganth [mailto:linganth-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Nathaniel Dumas<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, June 05, 2016 11:28 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Jacqueline Messing<br>
<b>Cc:</b> LINGANTH@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Linganth] Ling anthro research on language variation and ethnicity in tech?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks everyone who responded! I think for the most part what I am seeing is that while we have research on digital use outside of tech companies (such as in homes and in peer groups across income levels and ethnic groups), tech companies
have remained virtually untouchable as a research site when it comes to language use and, more problematically, the production of ethnicity and race through institutional discourse from startups to established companies. (My guess is this has a lot to do with
the NDAs that many of us who work in it have to sign or even research in.)<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">As such, this suggests that much of the discourse on 'diversity' in tech has been reduced to a numbers game of quantitative research and little to no systematic qualitative research on the production of ethnicity and race in interracial
workplace settings, which, ironically, is actually one of the main reasons many historically-underrepresented ethnic groups (and minorities within those groups) cite leaving the tech industry (i.e., interactions they position as 'micro-aggressive').<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Might be a research project for some of us to consider as a means of 'studying up,' in Laura Nader's terms.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Nate<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sat, Jun 4, 2016 at 3:51 PM, Jacqueline Messing <<a href="mailto:jacquelinemessing@gmail.com" target="_blank">jacquelinemessing@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Hi Nate,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">My former graduate student Glenn Abastillas completed an MA thesis in Linguistics at Georgetown last year on a relevant topic. He looked at Cebuano/English code-switching in the Philippines, primarily through
the study of Twitter. I think you will find it relevant to your project. The abstract and link to the full text are below:<o:p></o:p></p>
<h2>DIVERGENCE IN CEBUANO AND ENGLISH CODE-SWITCHING PRACTICES IN CEBUANO SPEECH COMMUNITIES IN THE CENTRAL PHILIPPINE<o:p></o:p></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt">Glenn Abastillas, BSN<br>
</span></b> <br>
Thesis Advisor: Jacqueline Messing, Ph.D. <br>
<br>
Abstract <br>
The Philippines is a diverse linguistic environment with more than 8 major languages
<br>
spoken and a complicated language policy affected by its colonization history. With this
<br>
context, this research investigates Cebuano and English code-switching (CS) in the
<br>
Central Philippines and Mindanao. This research draws from prior studies placing <br>
multilingual and code-switched language practices at the center of an individual’s
<br>
identity rather than at the margins (Woolard, 1998; Stell, 2010; Eppler, 2010; Weston,
<br>
2013). Code-switching is defined to be the hybrid of multiple languages and, <br>
subsequently, multiple identities (Bullock & Toribio, 2009). I expand on these ideas to
<br>
examine the homogeneity of Cebuano identity across four Cebuano speaking provinces in
<br>
the Central Philippines and Mindanao through their CS practice in computer mediated
<br>
communication (CMC) on Twitter. I demonstrate that the Cebuano speech community is
<br>
divergent in their CS practices split into two general groups, which are employing CS
<br>
practices at significantly different rates. <br>
<br>
Using computational tools, I implement a mixed methods approach in collecting and
<br>
analyzing the data. My data consist of short manually tagged messages called tweets from
<br>
the social media platform Twitter. Tweets were collected at various times during the day
<br>
and night over a period of 3 months from the Cebuano speaking provinces of Cebu, <br>
Negros Oriental, Misamis Oriental, and Davao del Sur. Collectively, there were 2,652
<br>
users, tweeting 7,729 times, who contributed to this corpus, representing language from
<br>
all four provinces in both rural and urban contexts. A chi-square (χ2) analysis on CS with
<br>
respect to province found that the four provinces employ CS at significantly (χ2 = 84.75,
<br>
p < .001) different rates. A chi-square analysis also showed that there was a strong relationship
<br>
between CS and population density (χ2 = 3.47, p < .1). Lastly, a T-test <br>
analysis showed that longer tweets are significantly more likely to have CS than shorter
<br>
tweets (one-sample t(105) = 6.7963, p < .001). <br>
<br>
The results of the chi-square analysis demonstrate a divergence in the Cebuano speech
<br>
community in the Philippines. That is, the southern provinces of Misamis Oriental and
<br>
Davao del Sur (Southern Group) adopt CS significantly more than the northern provinces
<br>
of Cebu and Negros Oriental (Northern Group), which were less likely to adopt CS.
<br>
Because of a strong pro-Cebuano sentiment in Cebu, I reason that the Northern Group
<br>
adheres more strongly to the Cebuano identity resulting in less CS. Conversely, the
<br>
Southern Groups may be identifying less with Cebu and the Cebuano identity, which
<br>
results in more CS. In summary, the Cebuano speech communities in the Philippines
<br>
express their differentiating identities through adoption of CS. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<h5>Permanent Link<o:p></o:p></h5>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/10822/760907" target="_blank">http://hdl.handle.net/10822/760907</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<h5>Date<o:p></o:p></h5>
<p class="MsoNormal">2015<o:p></o:p></p>
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<h5>Subject<o:p></o:p></h5>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Cebuano; code-switching; computer mediated communication; corpus linguistics; identity; Twitter; Linguistics; Asia -- Research; Communication; Oral communication; Linguistics; Asian studies; Communication;
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sat, Jun 4, 2016 at 2:42 PM, Rachel Flamenbaum <<a href="mailto:rnflame@gmail.com" target="_blank">rnflame@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Nate,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">You've hit on a major lacuna in ling anth and its allied fields--there is a ton of work out there on digital learning and computer mediated communication, but it tends to be sited in informal (ie non-institutional) white middle class post-industrial
contexts, and few are oriented from a language ideologies or language-as-social-action perspective. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I'm about a week away from filing my dissertation on socialization into digital literacies (and their related ideologies) across class in Ghana, which speaks to many of these issues. I have some work in the publication pipeline, but the
only thing currently out is a small piece as part of a AA vital topics forum on A<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aman.12143/abstract" target="_blank">nthro in and of MOOCs</a> edited by Graham Jones--all of the authors are troubling a priori
assumptions of monolithic user experience in some way. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">If you haven't come across their work already, you might also look at what Mark Warschauer and Morgan Ames have done (separately and together) on the design of the XO laptop and the One Laptop Per Child program's claims re: "the world's
poor," as well as Lisa Poggiali's work in the burgeoning tech sphere in Nairobi and Lily Irani's work on HCI and entrepreneurial citizenship as tied up with tech in India. I'm sure I'm forgetting important additions to this list, but I plead dissertation brain!<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Outside of academia, the Joan Ganz Cooney Center (housed in the Sesame Workshop) has some
<a href="http://www.joanganzcooneycenter.org/publications/" target="_blank">really useful publications</a> on media use in lower-income and ethnically-diverse families, geared towards shifting policy and design.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Would love to continue the conversation more with you and others interested in this work!<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Back to the dissertating grindstone,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Rachel<o:p></o:p></p>
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<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Rachel Flamenbaum, M.A.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#666666">Doctoral Candidate</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#666666">Department of Anthropology, UCLA</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Sat, Jun 4, 2016 at 7:57 AM, Nathaniel Dumas <<a href="mailto:nadumas@ucsc.edu" target="_blank">nadumas@ucsc.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Good morning colleagues!<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">I hope all is well. I'm emailing to ask if anyone knows of any work that is specific to the tech industry on language ideologies and their intersections with race/ethnicity? I ask because I am about to start working with a non-profit aimed
at increasing African American participation in tech, particularly to train critical user experience researchers. Yet much of the work that is out there on speech events like the 'user interview' and 'diary studies' do not take ethnicity and language ideologies
into account. Moreover, a majority of the work excludes and omits much of the work done by critical native anthropologists who have raised critiques of traditional anthropological methods that the tech industry often uses in UX research without doing any critical
appraises of it that really challenge status quo ideologies.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Also, most of the work, except in the context of international user experience research, assumes a cultural homogeneity within work in the US, and has consequences for how persons of color who come from different backgrounds may be evaluated
as 'effective' and 'non-effective' interviewers as tech begins to push for more people of color to be a part of their teams without a critical understanding of all this entails. Of course, I could point my colleagues to Charles Briggs' work, but tech people,
I've found, like to read things a bit more closely aligned to their industry and it's a long hard battle since user experience research has had a particular bent towards psychology/cognitive science.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">That said, does anyone know of any linguistic anthropology work on this, or graduate students currently working on this? I'd also like to use these materials to start reshaping the diversity and inclusion training as well at levels higher
up, so if anyone has any best practices for that, that too would be great.<br clear="all">
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Nate<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888">Nathaniel Dumas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888">Research Associate, Department of Anthropology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888">University of Santa Cruz<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888"><a href="mailto:nadumas@ucsc.edu" target="_blank">nadumas@ucsc.edu</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">_______________________________________________<br>
Linganth mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Linganth@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Linganth@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/linganth" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/linganth</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Linganth mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Linganth@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Linganth@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/linganth" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/linganth</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="hoenzb"><span style="color:#888888">-- <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Jacqueline Messing, Ph.D.<br>
Instructor, Department of Anthropology<br>
University of Maryland-College Park</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#888888"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Instructor, Department of Linguistics<br>
Georgetown University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Nathaniel Dumas<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Research Associate, Department of Anthropology<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">University of Santa Cruz<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:nadumas@ucsc.edu" target="_blank">nadumas@ucsc.edu</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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