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<P>There is a similar "heat" distinction in Korean between deobda and ddeuggeobda. If a person goes outside,and it is hot, he uses the word "deobda" to describe it. But if he touches or eats something that is hot, he would use the word "ddeuggeobda." There is also a distinction between chubda and chaggeobda, meaning "cold." "chubda" would be used in the first instance (to say "It's cold out," "I'm cold," etc.) and "chaggeobda in the second instance (to say "The food is cold," etc.) I do not know if there is a word to describe solar-heat.<BR></P>Robert Cloutier </DIV>
<DIV></DIV>University of Georgia
<DIV></DIV>Linguistics Program
<DIV></DIV>Graduate Student
<DIV></DIV>"Those who don't read have no advantage over those who can't." Mark Twain
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>>From: James Gair <JWG2@CORNELL.EDU>
<DIV></DIV>>Reply-To: James Gair <JWG2@CORNELL.EDU>
<DIV></DIV>>To: LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG
<DIV></DIV>>Subject: heat
<DIV></DIV>>Date: Fri, 1 Jan 1904 02:13:03 -0400
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>Sinhala does make a distinction between types of heat that resembles
<DIV></DIV>>the phenomena that Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm describes. The quickest
<DIV></DIV>>way for me to lead into this is to quote from our Sinhala text
<DIV></DIV>>Readings in Colloquial Sinhala (James W. Gair, W.S Karunatillake and
<DIV></DIV>>John Paolillo, Sinha Books and Cornell South Asia Pprogram 1987).
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>I have converted the Sinhala script in the examples to Romanized
<DIV></DIV>>transcription. @ represents schwa,but may be replaced by /a/ for
<DIV></DIV>>transliteration since schwa is nearly though not quite completely
<DIV></DIV>>predictable. Doubling of vowels is length.<S> is Sinhala script (and
<DIV></DIV>>Sanskrit> retroflex s.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>"/usn@/ Sinhala has more than one equivalent for English 'heat' or
<DIV></DIV>>hot". They designate different kinds of heat, and are difficult to
<DIV></DIV>>define. /usn@/ generally refers to "intrinsic" heat, that is, heat
<DIV></DIV>>which is a property of something as opposed to "accidental, induced
<DIV></DIV>>or short term" heat, (as for, example, the heat induced in food or
<DIV></DIV>>some other substance by heating it) for which the usual term is
<DIV></DIV>>/rasne/. /rasne/ is also used when referring to the (hot) weather on
<DIV></DIV>>a particular day. When applied to food,/usn@ as opposed to /siit@l@/
<DIV></DIV>>'cool', has a special sense relating to the traditional medical
<DIV></DIV>>system and system of beliefs about food and the way in which they
<DIV></DIV>>are
<DIV></DIV>>classified in relation to their interaction with the body".
<DIV></DIV>>(Reading
<DIV></DIV>>2, Grammar p. 7.)
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>> There are still more forms in this field. The adjectival (and
<DIV></DIV>>stem)
<DIV></DIV>>form of /usne/ is /usn@/ spelled <USSNA>--diglossia enters here.
<DIV></DIV>>The
<DIV></DIV>>related form /unu/ (spelled with retroflex <N>, but not distinct
<DIV></DIV>>from
<DIV></DIV>>/n/ is 'warm. hot', and occurs in such collocations as /unu
<DIV></DIV>>watur@/
<DIV></DIV>>'hot/warm water'. Note also the noun form /un@/ 'fever'.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>/rat/ related to /rasne/ occurs in the collocation /rat k@r@n@wa/ '
<DIV></DIV>>hot+make/ heat (something)', generally of substances. /rat wen@wa/
<DIV></DIV>>'hot+become' is the intransitive equivalent, as in /rat wee-g@n@
<DIV></DIV>>en@wa/ 'hot become-get-PPL come/ 'it's getting to be hot (as of
<DIV></DIV>>food
<DIV></DIV>>in cooking'. /unu k@r@n@wa/ is 'heat (trans.), liquefy, distill' ,
<DIV></DIV>>with /unu wen@wa/ as the intransitive form.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>my impression is that the /unu/ forms are more used with liquids and
<DIV></DIV>>the /rat/ ones with solids, but I am sure that there is more to it
<DIV></DIV>>than that.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>Though the heat terms are not extended as such into the domain of
<DIV></DIV>>chillies/spiciness, there is a kind of extension of the domain, in
<DIV></DIV>>that "hot" foods are referred to as those that 'burn the mouth"
<DIV></DIV>>/kaT@
<DIV></DIV>>dan@/ but also as /saer@/, roughly 'strong' without the heat
<DIV></DIV>>component.
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>There is a form /griisme/ (literary <GRIISMAYA>) adjective/stem form
<DIV></DIV>>/griism@/ used in climate contexts, as in /griism@ kaale/ 'hot
<DIV></DIV>>season'. However, bodily experienced heat would be expressed as
<DIV></DIV>>/rasne daenen@wa/ 'heat+ experience (vb.)' (='get to know
<DIV></DIV>>involuntarily).
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>There is also a more formal form <TAAPAYA>/taape/, occuring in
<DIV></DIV>>technical contexts such as <AAPEEKS.IKA taapaya>'specific heat',
<DIV></DIV>>but
<DIV></DIV>>I am not sure of its total range. (cf. Sanskrit taapa: and related
<DIV></DIV>>forms)
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>
<DIV></DIV>>I hope that this is of some help, and will be hapy for any
<DIV></DIV>>elaborations/emendations. I have been trying to avoid referring to
<DIV></DIV>>this as a 'hot topic", but certainly the general lexical and
<DIV></DIV>>conceptual field could use investigation in Sinhala as elsewhere.
<DIV></DIV>>Perhaps someone will comment on terms like <GARAM>in Hindi/Urdu,
<DIV></DIV>>which crosses dimensions including sensation/taste and physical as
<DIV></DIV>>well as, I believe, the "inherent property" one.
<DIV></DIV>>
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