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<P><BR><BR></P>Two things could be added to the discussion, linking in also with Suzanne Kemmers and Daniel Everetts observations </DIV>1. It strikes me as interesting that the British English "see oneself PPP" (and the equivalent German sich PPP sehen) are not actually simple passive-like constructions but have irrealis modality/aspectuality. That is "She sees/saw herself elected (already)" refers to a prospective rather than a past or completed event, and "see" expresses this prospective vision. And, in a way the verb 'see' in this use of 'see oneself' is less than completely passive, rather somewhere intermediate on the agentivity cline across "{is +| finds oneself | sees oneself | imagines oneself | gets oneself | has one's [body part]} PPP ". It certainly is not a straightforward paraphrase.
<DIV></DIV>2. One language in which experiencer verbs play a major role in non-active verb formation is Korean. There, the periphrastic verb class, common in the Sino-Korean and Loanword part of the lexicon, and of the form (EVENT-)NOUN + (FUNCTION) VERB, has paradigms in which experiential and semi-experiential verbs signify the inactive patientive ("passive") voice. (By the way, this analysis is rather controversial, with many speaking of 'passive-like expressions' but most rejecting an analysis as a straightforward "passive" or somesuch.)
<DIV></DIV>Anyway, examples are
<DIV></DIV>[yok+po-] 'humiliation+sees = gets.humiliated'
<DIV></DIV> vs. [yok+poi-] 'humiliation+shows = humiliates'
<DIV></DIV>[cansoli+tuL-] 'cold.words+hears = gets.told.off.coldly'
<DIV></DIV> vs [cansoli+ha-] 'cold.words+does/PROV = complains.coldly/tells.off.coldly
<DIV></DIV>[yatan+mac-] 'scolding+gets.exposed.to = gets a scolding'
<DIV></DIV> vs [yatan+chi-] 'scolding+hits/does.vehemently/PROV = scolds'
<DIV></DIV>[chingchan+{tuL-|pat-}] 'flattery+{hears|receives} = gets flattered'
<DIV></DIV> vs [chingchan+ha-] 'flattery+does/PROV
<DIV></DIV>The Korean case, by the way, throws a new light on Suzanne Kemmers observation that:
<DIV></DIV>>The passive meaning Alan noticed basically comes from the past participle.
<DIV></DIV>>The V + REFL part is essentially a quasi-paraphrase of 'be' but with subject reflecting on the >experience stated in the complement.
<DIV></DIV>Certainly in the Korean case (which has no PPP or equivalent), the passive-like patientive meaning is clearly brought in by the experiencer (or other inactive/patientive) verb only. At the same time, the choice of verb is situation-specific to the actual type of experience, concrete or metaphorical: Situations one confronts are seen, Interpersonal Verbal Actions are heard, Aggressions and Violence one is exposed to like to the elements, and Interpersonal Social Actions are received.
<DIV></DIV>Thus, while the PPP of the English construction clearly reflects and contributes to its passive meaning, Korean shows that the verb is likely contributing too.
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<DIV>Stefan Knoob, London, School of Oriental and African Studies</DIV></div><br clear=all><hr>Start downloading music from 62p per track with the <a href="http://g.msn.com/8HMAENUK/2734??PS=">MSN Music Club.</a> </html>