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Nick Bailey wrote:<br>
<blockquote cite="mid005701c66c69$4cc0d6b0$2101a8c0@BigDell" type="cite">
<pre wrap="">Dear Colleagues,
I am looking for examples in different languages where a perception verb,
maybe something like 'see', has been grammaticalized as a 'deictic
presentational' particle, or anything functionally close to that (for
example, it might also function as a non-deictic presentational particle, in
an 'existential' construction meaning 'there is a X.').
Can anyone help me?
The only two clear examples of deictic presentational particles that I know
of so far are from French and from Classical and Koine Greek:
FRENCH:
Voilà mon ami. 'There's my friend'
Voici mon frère, Trey. 'Here's my brother, Trey'
Le voilà. 'There he is' (le is unambiguously the object case, not
subject/nominative)
CLASSICAL and KOINE GREEK:
idou hudOr 'Here's/There's (some) water!' (idou is unmarked for near/far
deixis)
idou egO 'Here I am!' (egO is unambiguously nominative case)
Knud Lambrecht counts voilà as 'a frozen form of the imperative of voir "to
see" meaning literally "see there".'
Greek idou derives from the singular imperative of the middle aorist stem
eidon '(I) saw'. As far as I understand, middle forms were slowly falling
out of classical Greek, and by Koine times, the middle of eidon is only used
as this grammaticalized deictic presentational particle. (The active forms
of eidon, however, continued to be in use, so the real aorist imperative
'see!' or 'look at!' was ide [singular] or idete [plural].)
I would be very grateful for any examples people could share with me, or
references to literature. If possible, please explain what case the
introduced NP is in (object or subject case, etc.), and whether or not the
construction is neutral for near/far deixis (Greek idou is neutral).
Many thanks for your attention.
Nicholas Bailey
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:nicholas_bailey@sil.org">nicholas_bailey@sil.org</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
In Modern Greek there is the expression nátos, náti, náto (m f n),
consisting of the element na (whose etymology I haven't checked) plus
the enclitic form of the third person pronoun which otherwise does not
occur (oblique forms are very common though: accusative <i>ton</i>
ídha 'I saw him', <i>tin</i> idha 'I saw her', <i>to</i> idha 'I saw <i>it</i>';
genitive to spíti <i>tou</i> '<i>his</i> house', <i>tou </i>to
edhoka 'I gave it <i>to him</i>').<br>
<br>
Ná tos 'Here he is!' would be parallel to earlier idou egO 'Here I am!'.<br>
<br>
Hartmut Haberland<br>
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