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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>A further comment is inserted in your letter, in
CAPITALS</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>prof.Paolo Ramat<BR>Università di Pavia<BR>Dipartimento di Linguistica
Teorica e Applicata<BR>tel. ##39 0382 984 484<BR>fax ##39 0382 984 487<BR></DIV>
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style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=Bernhard.Waelchli@UNI-KONSTANZ.DE
href="mailto:Bernhard.Waelchli@UNI-KONSTANZ.DE">Bernhard Waelchli</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A
title=LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, July 11, 2006 3:18
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Summary: Typological studies
based on original texts</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Dear colleagues<BR><BR>Sorry for mistakenly having sent to
all my answer to Martin in the local vernacular. Please, throw it away! Here
is, however, a list of references as a result of a query I posted some weeks
ago about typological studies based on original texts. <BR><BR>I have received
answers by Peter Austin, Balthasar Bickel, Greville Corbett, Matthew Dryer,
Nick Evans, Martin Haspelmath, Kees Hengefeld, Paul Hopper, Pieter Muysken,
Michael Noonan, Paolo Ramat, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Stephen Matthews, and
Wolfgang Schulze, and I am happy that what started as a simple information
question also resulted in some more general discussion. <BR><BR>Some of you
argued that I should include a broader range of studies than what I asked for
(lower number of languages, other kinds of studies). Since I find all the
studies that have been pointed out to me highly relevant and useful, I simply
included everything I got (as far as I could identify the references) and
added some more. I certainly missed a lot and am still grateful for additional
references.<BR><BR>I am especially grateful to Paolo Ramat for having pointed
out the relevance of parallel texts and questionnaires as other additional
sources expanding the typologist's toolkit beyond reference grammars. In
addition, psycholinguistic approaches have to be mentioned, using non-verbal
stimuli for data collection, including the well-known Pear stories and Frog
stories. In my view these are all instances of a single hyper-approach to data
collection in typology, which I call "descriptive typology", viz. all
typological data collection processes based on primary sources rather than
descriptions and on exemplars rather than abstractions.</P>
<P class=MsoNormal>IT HAS TO BE REMEMBERED THAT PEAR STORIES, FROG
STORIES AS WELL AS THE ORAL NARRATION OF CHARLIE CHAPLIN UNWILLING LEADING A
WORKERS' STRIKE WITH A RED FLAG ('MODERN TIMES') HAVE BEEN USED IN REGISTERING
SECOND LANGUAGE SPONTANEOUS ACQUISITION AND THE THEREBY USED STRATEGIES BY
IMMIGRANTS: SEE E.G. 'VERSO L'ITALIANO' ED. BY ANNA GIACALONE RAMAT, CAROCCI ,
ROMA 2003. </P>
<P class=MsoNormal>THIS IS ANOTHER KIND OF PARALLEL TEXTS: HOW TO SOLVE THE
SAME NARRATIVE (I.E. SEMANTIC) PROBLEMS STARTING FROM LANGUAGES ENDOWED
WITH DIFFERENT STRATEGIES.<BR><BR>Because the list of references got quite
long, here is what corresponds most prototypically to the original query:<BR>-
John Myhill's (1992) typological discourse analysis (including all the
previous work mentioned there, especially by Talmy Givón) (thanks to Stephen
Matthews and Kees Hengefeld for having pointed out this to me.)<BR>- Matthew
Dryer's about 1,000 datapoints based on texts in WALS (in a total of more than
20,000 data points: it is really amazing, Matthew, how you manage to do
this!),<BR>- Michael Noonan's (2003) unpublished work about referential
density (including much own fieldwork) [see also Bickel's 2003 study on
referential density, Balthasar is still working on it with a larger sample of
languages.]<BR>- Tom Güldemann's (2001) unpublished study.<BR><BR>The
references that follow are in no way exhaustive for exemplar-based typological
approaches. The list is strongly biased toward what has been pointed out to me
and toward what I have added to the list. Please, tell me if you have some
more. The list is certainly highly deficient, especially in the domains of
phonology and phonetics. Maybe it is nevertheless of some use. <BR><BR>Kind
regards<BR>Bernhard Wälchli<BR><BR>LIST OF REFERENCES<BR><BR>Berlin, Brent
& Kay, Paul. (1969). Basic color terms. Their universality and evolution.
Berkeley: University of California Press. <BR>Berman, Ruth A. & Slobin,
Dan Isaac et al. (1994). Relating events in narrative. A crosslinguistic
developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.<BR>Bernini, Giuliano & Ramat,
Paolo. (1996). Negative sentences in the languages of Europe. A typological
approach. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.<BR>Biber, Douglas. (1995). Dimensions of
register variation. A cross-linguistic comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. <BR>Bickel, Balthasar. (2003). <SPAN>Referential density in
discourse and syntactic typology. Language 79: 708-36.<BR></SPAN>Bowerman,
Melissa (1996). Learning how to structure space for language: A
crosslinguistic perspective. In: Bloom, Paul; Peterson, Mary A.; Nadel, Lynn,
Garrett, Merrill F. (eds.): Language and space. Cambridge, Massachusetts,
London: MIT Press, 385-436.<SPAN> <BR></SPAN>Bowerman, Melissa & Choi,
Soonja (2001). Shaping meanings for language: universal and language-specific
in the acquisition of spatial semantic categories. In: Bowerman, Melissa &
Levinson, Stephen C. (eds.) Language acquisition and conceptual development.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 475-511.<SPAN> <BR></SPAN>Bybee, Joan
& Hopper, Paul (eds) Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<BR>Chafe, Wallace L. (ed.) (1980). The pear
stories. Cognitive, cultural and linguistic aspects of narrative production.
Norwood, NJ: Ablex.<BR>Corbett, Greville G. & Hippisley, Andrew &
Brown, Dunstan & Marriott, Paul. (2001). Frequency, regularity and the
paradigm: a perspective from Russian on a complex relation. In Bybee, Joan
& Hopper, Paul (eds) Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 201-226.<BR>Cowgill, Warren. (1963). A search
for universals in Indo-European diachronic morphology. In Greenberg, Joseph H.
Universals of Language. Report of a conference held at Dobbs Ferry, New York,
April 13 - 15, 1961. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.<BR>Cysouw, Michael &
Wälchli, Bernhard (eds.). (2007 forthc.) Parallel Texts. Using translational
equivalents in linguistic typology. Theme issue in Sprachtypologie &
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href="http://email.eva.mpg.de/%7Ecysouw/pdf/STUF.pdf">http://email.eva.mpg.de/~cysouw/pdf/STUF.pdf</A>
<BR>Dahl, Östen. (1985). Tense and aspect systems. Oxford: Blackwell.<BR>Dahl,
Östen. (2000). Tense and aspect in the languages of Europe. Empirical
approaches to language typology. EUROTYP 6. 20,6. Berlin: Mouton de
Gruyter.<BR>Da Milano, Federica. (2005). La deissi spaziale nelle lingue
d'Europa, Milano 2005. FrancoAngeli.<BR>Dryer, Matthew cf. the many chapters
by Matthew in Haspelmath et al. (2005).<BR>Enfield, Nick J. & Majid, Asifa
& van Staden, Miriam. (2006). Cross-linguistic categorisation of the body:
introduction. Language Sciences 28.2/3, 137-147.<BR>Greenberg, Joseph H.
(1960). A quantitative approach to the morphological typology of languages.
International Journal of American Linguistics 26: 178-194.<BR>Greenberg,
Joseph H. & O'Sullivan, Chris. (1974). Frequency, marking and discourse
styles with special reference to substantival categories in the Romance
languages. Working Papers on Language Universals 16: 47-72.<BR>Güldemann, Tom.
(2001). Quotative constructions in African languages: a synchronic and
diachronic survey. Habilitationsschrift Leipzig.<BR>Hanks, William. (2000).
Intertexts. Writings on language, utterance, and context. Lanham: Rowman &
Littlefield.<BR>Haspelmath, Martin. (1997). From space to time. Temporal
adverbials in the world’s languages. München: Lincom. <BR>Haspelmath, Martin
& Dryer, Matthew & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) (2005). The
World Atlas of Language Structures. (Book with interactive CD-ROM) Oxford:
Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0-19-925591-1 <BR>Himmelmann, Nikolaus P.
(1997). Deiktikon, Artikel, Nominalphrase. Zur Emergenz syntaktischer
Struktur. Tübingen: Niemeyer.<BR>Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. (1998). Documentary
and Descriptive Linguistics. Linguistics 36, 161-195.<BR>Juvonen, Päivi.
(2000). Grammaticalizing the definite article: a study of definite adnominal
determiners in a genre of spoken Finnish. Stockholm: University of
Stockholm.<BR>Laury, Ritva. (1997). Demonstratives in interaction. The
emergence of a definite article in Finnish. Benjamins: Amsterdam.<BR>Levinson,
Stephen C. (2003). Space in language and cognition. Explorations in cognitive
diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <BR>Lüpke, Friederike.
(2006). Small is beautiful: contributions of field-based corpora to different
linguistic disciplines, illustrated by Jalonke. Austin, P. (ed.). Language
Documentation and Description, Vol 3. SOAS, University of London.<BR>MacLaury,
Robert E. (1997). Color and cognition in Mesoamerica. Constructing categories
as vantages. Austin, TX: University of Texas. <BR>Majid, Asifa & Staden,
Miriam van & Boster, James S. & Bowerman, Melissa. (2004). Event
categorization: a cross-linguistic perspective. Proceedings of the
Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.<BR>Masica,
Colin. (1976). Defining a linguistic area. South Asia. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.<BR>Myhill, John. (1992). Typological discourse analysis:
quantitative approaches to the study of linguistic function. Oxford:
Blackwell. <BR>Noonan, Michael. (2003). A cross-linguistic investigation of
referential density. Paper given at ALT V in Cagliari. <A
href="http://www.uwm.edu/People/noonan/Handout.combined.pdf">http://www.uwm.edu/People/noonan/Handout.combined.pdf</A>
<BR>Pederson, Eric & Danziger, Eve & Wilkins, David & Levinson,
Stephen & Kita, Sotaro & Senft, Gunter. (1998). Semantic typology and
spatial conceptualization. Language 74.3: 557-589.<BR>Pustet, Regina. (2004).
On discourse frequency, grammar, and grammaticalization. In Frajzyngier,
Zygmunt & Hodges, Adam & Rood, David S. (eds.). Linguistic diversity
and language theories. Amsterdam: Benjamins.<BR>Ricca, Davide. (1993). I verbi
deittici di movimiento in Europa: una ricerca interlinguistica. Firenze: La
Nuova Italia.<BR>Sasse, Hans-Jürgen & Behrens, Leila. (2002). The
Microstructure of Lexicon-Grammar-Interaction. A Study of "Gold" in English
and Arabic. LINCOM Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 32. München:
Lincom.<BR>Slobin, Dan I. (2004). The many ways to search for a frog:
Linguistic typology and the expression of motion events. In Strömqvist &
Verhoeven, eds.<BR>Stolz, Thomas. (2004). Mediterraneanism vs. universal
process: word iteration in an areal perspective. A pilot-study. Mediterranean
Language Review.<BR>Stolz, Thomas. (forthc.). Harry Potter meets Le Petit
Prince: On the usefulness of parallel literary corpora in crosslinguistic
investigations. In Cysouw & Wälchli (forthc.).<BR>Stolz, Thomas &
Gugeler, Traude. (2000). Comitative typology – Nothing about the ape, but
something about king-size samples, the European community and the little
prince. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung 53.1: 53-61.<BR>Stolz,
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languages. New Perspectives. München: Verlag Otto Sagner., 201-217.
<BR>Strömqvist, Sven & Verhoeven, Ludo, eds. (2004). Relating events in
narrative, Vol. 2: Typological and contextual perspectives. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<BR>Thieberger, Nicholas Augustus. (2004). Topics
in the grammar and documentation of South Efate, an Oceanic language of
Central Vanuatu. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.<BR>Vries, Lourens de
(forthc.). Some remarks on the use of Bible translations as parallel texts in
linguistic research. In Cysouw & Wälchli (forthc.).<BR>Wälchli, Bernhard.
(2005). Co-compounds and natural coordination. Oxford Studies in Typology and
Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<BR>Wälchli, Bernhard.
(2006). Typology of light and heavy ‘again’, or, the eternal return of the
same. Studies in Language 30, 1: 69-113.<BR>Wälchli, Bernhard (in prep.)
Descriptive typology, or, the typologist’s expanded toolkit. <A
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SOAS.<BR><!--[if
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