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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear colleagues<br>
<br>
Sorry for mistakenly having sent to all my answer to Martin in the
local vernacular.
Please, throw it away! Here is, however, a list of references as a
result of a
query I posted some weeks ago about typological studies based on
original texts.
<br>
<br>
I have received answers by Peter Austin, Balthasar Bickel, Greville
Corbett,
Matthew Dryer, Nick Evans, Martin Haspelmath, Kees Hengefeld, Paul
Hopper,
Pieter Muysken, Michael Noonan, Paolo Ramat, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm,
Stephen
Matthews, and Wolfgang Schulze, and I am happy that what started as a
simple
information question also resulted in some more general discussion. <br>
<br>
Some of you argued that I should include a broader range of studies
than what I
asked for (lower number of languages, other kinds of studies). Since I
find all
the studies that have been pointed out to me highly relevant and
useful, I
simply included everything I got (as far as I could identify the
references)
and added some more. I certainly missed a lot and am still grateful for
additional references.<br>
<br>
I am especially grateful to Paolo Ramat for having pointed out the
relevance of parallel texts and questionnaires as other additional
sources
expanding the typologist's toolkit beyond reference grammars. In
addition,
psycholinguistic approaches have to be mentioned, using non-verbal
stimuli for
data collection, including the well-known Pear stories and Frog
stories. In my
view these are all instances of a single hyper-approach to data
collection in typology,
which I call "descriptive typology", viz. all typological data
collection processes based on primary sources rather than descriptions
and on
exemplars rather than abstractions.<br>
<br>
Because the list of references got quite long, here is what corresponds
most
prototypically to the original query:<br>
- John Myhill's (1992) typological discourse analysis (including all
the
previous work mentioned there, especially by Talmy Givón) (thanks to
Stephen
Matthews and Kees Hengefeld for having pointed out this to me.)<br>
- Matthew Dryer's about 1,000 datapoints based on texts in WALS (in a
total of
more than 20,000 data points: it is really amazing, Matthew, how you
manage to
do this!),<br>
- Michael Noonan's (2003) unpublished work about referential density
(including
much own fieldwork) [see also Bickel's 2003 study on referential
density, Balthasar is still working on it with a larger sample of
languages.]<br>
- Tom Güldemann's (2001) unpublished study.<br>
<br>
The references that follow are in no way exhaustive for exemplar-based
typological approaches. The list is strongly biased toward what has
been pointed
out to me and toward what I have added to the list. Please, tell me if
you have some more. The list is certainly highly
deficient, especially in the domains of phonology and phonetics. Maybe
it is
nevertheless of some use. <br>
<br>
Kind regards<br>
Bernhard Wälchli<br>
<br>
LIST OF REFERENCES<br>
<br>
Berlin, Brent & Kay, Paul. (1969). Basic color terms. Their
universality
and evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press. <br>
Berman, Ruth A. & Slobin, Dan Isaac et al. (1994). Relating events
in
narrative. A crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum.<br>
Bernini, Giuliano & Ramat, Paolo. (1996). Negative sentences in the
languages of Europe. A typological approach. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.<br>
Biber, Douglas. (1995). Dimensions of register variation. A
cross-linguistic
comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <br>
Bickel, Balthasar. (2003). <span style="">Referential
density in discourse and syntactic typology. Language 79: 708-36.<br>
</span>Bowerman, Melissa (1996). Learning how to structure space for
language:
A crosslinguistic perspective. In: Bloom, Paul; Peterson, Mary A.;
Nadel, Lynn,
Garrett, Merrill F. (eds.): Language and space. Cambridge,
Massachusetts, London:
MIT Press, 385-436.<span style=""> <br>
</span>Bowerman, Melissa & Choi, Soonja (2001). Shaping meanings
for
language: universal and language-specific in the acquisition of spatial
semantic categories. In: Bowerman, Melissa & Levinson, Stephen C.
(eds.)
Language acquisition and conceptual development. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 475-511.<span style="">
<br>
</span>Bybee, Joan & Hopper, Paul (eds) Frequency and the Emergence
of
Linguistic Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<br>
Chafe, Wallace L. (ed.) (1980). The pear stories. Cognitive, cultural
and
linguistic aspects of narrative production. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.<br>
Corbett, Greville G. & Hippisley, Andrew & Brown, Dunstan &
Marriott, Paul. (2001). Frequency, regularity and the paradigm: a
perspective
from Russian on a complex relation. In Bybee, Joan & Hopper, Paul
(eds)
Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins.
pp. 201-226.<br>
Cowgill, Warren. (1963). A search for universals in Indo-European
diachronic
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Cambridge,
Mass.: MIT Press.<br>
Cysouw, Michael & Wälchli, Bernhard (eds.). (2007 forthc.) Parallel
Texts.
Using translational equivalents in linguistic typology. Theme issue in
Sprachtypologie
& Universalienforschung STUF. <a
href="http://email.eva.mpg.de/%7Ecysouw/pdf/STUF.pdf">http://email.eva.mpg.de/~cysouw/pdf/STUF.pdf</a>
<br>
Dahl, Östen. (1985). Tense and aspect systems. Oxford: Blackwell.<br>
Dahl, Östen. (2000). Tense and aspect in the languages of Europe.
Empirical
approaches to language typology. EUROTYP 6. 20,6. Berlin: Mouton de
Gruyter.<br>
Da Milano, Federica. (2005). La deissi spaziale nelle lingue d'Europa,
Milano
2005. FrancoAngeli.<br>
Dryer, Matthew cf. the many chapters by Matthew in Haspelmath et al.
(2005).<br>
Enfield, Nick J. & Majid, Asifa & van Staden, Miriam. (2006).
Cross-linguistic categorisation of the body: introduction. Language
Sciences
28.2/3, 137-147.<br>
Greenberg, Joseph H. (1960). A quantitative approach to the
morphological typology
of languages. International Journal of American Linguistics 26: 178-194.<br>
Greenberg, Joseph H. & O'Sullivan, Chris. (1974). Frequency,
marking and
discourse styles with special reference to substantival categories in
the
Romance languages. Working Papers on Language Universals 16: 47-72.<br>
Güldemann, Tom. (2001). Quotative constructions in African languages: a
synchronic and diachronic survey. Habilitationsschrift Leipzig.<br>
Hanks, William. (2000). Intertexts. Writings on language, utterance,
and context.
Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.<br>
Haspelmath, Martin. (1997). From space to time. Temporal adverbials in
the
world’s languages. München: Lincom. <br>
Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew & Gil, David & Comrie,
Bernard
(eds.) (2005). The World Atlas of Language Structures. (Book with
interactive
CD-ROM) Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0-19-925591-1 <br>
Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. (1997). Deiktikon, Artikel, Nominalphrase. Zur
Emergenz
syntaktischer Struktur. Tübingen: Niemeyer.<br>
Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. (1998). Documentary and Descriptive
Linguistics. Linguistics
36, 161-195.<br>
Juvonen, Päivi. (2000). Grammaticalizing the definite article: a study
of
definite adnominal determiners in a genre of spoken Finnish. Stockholm:
University of Stockholm.<br>
Laury, Ritva. (1997). Demonstratives in interaction. The emergence of a
definite article in Finnish. Benjamins: Amsterdam.<br>
Levinson, Stephen C. (2003). Space in language and cognition.
Explorations in
cognitive diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <br>
Lüpke, Friederike. (2006). Small is beautiful: contributions of
field-based
corpora to different linguistic disciplines, illustrated by Jalonke.
Austin, P.
(ed.). Language Documentation and Description, Vol 3. SOAS, University
of
London.<br>
MacLaury, Robert E. (1997). Color and cognition in Mesoamerica.
Constructing
categories as vantages. Austin, TX: University of Texas. <br>
Majid, Asifa & Staden, Miriam van & Boster, James S. &
Bowerman,
Melissa. (2004). Event categorization: a cross-linguistic perspective.
Proceedings
of the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.<br>
Masica, Colin. (1976). Defining a linguistic area. South Asia. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.<br>
Myhill, John. (1992). Typological discourse analysis: quantitative
approaches
to the study of linguistic function. Oxford: Blackwell. <br>
Noonan, Michael. (2003). A cross-linguistic investigation of
referential
density. Paper given at ALT V in Cagliari. <a
href="http://www.uwm.edu/People/noonan/Handout.combined.pdf">http://www.uwm.edu/People/noonan/Handout.combined.pdf</a>
<br>
Pederson, Eric & Danziger, Eve & Wilkins, David & Levinson,
Stephen
& Kita, Sotaro & Senft, Gunter. (1998). Semantic typology and
spatial
conceptualization. Language 74.3: 557-589.<br>
Pustet, Regina. (2004). On discourse frequency, grammar, and
grammaticalization. In Frajzyngier, Zygmunt & Hodges, Adam &
Rood,
David S. (eds.). Linguistic diversity and language theories. Amsterdam:
Benjamins.<br>
Ricca, Davide. (1993). I verbi deittici di movimiento in Europa: una
ricerca
interlinguistica. Firenze: La Nuova Italia.<br>
Sasse, Hans-Jürgen & Behrens, Leila. (2002). The Microstructure of
Lexicon-Grammar-Interaction. A Study of "Gold" in English and Arabic.
LINCOM Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 32. München: Lincom.<br>
Slobin, Dan I. (2004). The many ways to search for a frog: Linguistic
typology
and the expression of motion events. In Strömqvist & Verhoeven, eds.<br>
Stolz, Thomas. (2004). Mediterraneanism vs. universal process: word
iteration
in an areal perspective. A pilot-study. Mediterranean Language Review.<br>
Stolz, Thomas. (forthc.). Harry Potter meets Le Petit Prince: On the
usefulness
of parallel literary corpora in crosslinguistic investigations. In
Cysouw &
Wälchli (forthc.).<br>
Stolz, Thomas & Gugeler, Traude. (2000). Comitative typology –
Nothing
about the ape, but something about king-size samples, the European
community
and the little prince. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung 53.1:
53-61.<br>
Stolz, Thomas & Stroh, Cornelia & Urdze, Aina (2003).
Solidaritäten. Lingua
Posnaniensis 45: 69-92.<br>
van der Auwera, Johan & Schalley, Eva & Nuyts, Jan (2005).
Epistemic
possibility in a Slavonic parallel corpus – a pilot study. In Hansen,
Björn
& Karlík, Petr (eds.), Modality in Slavonic languages. New
Perspectives.
München: Verlag Otto Sagner., 201-217. <br>
Strömqvist, Sven & Verhoeven, Ludo, eds. (2004). Relating events in
narrative, Vol. 2: Typological and contextual perspectives. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<br>
Thieberger, Nicholas Augustus. (2004). Topics in the grammar and
documentation
of South Efate, an Oceanic language of Central Vanuatu. Melbourne:
University
of Melbourne.<br>
Vries, Lourens de (forthc.). Some remarks on the use of Bible
translations as
parallel texts in linguistic research. In Cysouw & Wälchli
(forthc.).<br>
Wälchli, Bernhard. (2005). Co-compounds and natural coordination.
Oxford
Studies in Typology and Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.<br>
Wälchli, Bernhard. (2006). Typology of light and heavy ‘again’, or, the
eternal
return of the same. Studies in Language 30, 1: 69-113.<br>
Wälchli, Bernhard (in prep.) Descriptive typology, or, the typologist’s
expanded toolkit. <a
href="http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/home/a20_11/waelchli/waelchli-desctyp.pdf">http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/home/a20_11/waelchli/waelchli-desctyp.pdf</a><br>
Woodbury, Anthony (2003). Defining documentary linguistics. In Peter
Austin
(ed.) Language Documentation and Description. Vol.1, 35-51. London:
SOAS.<br style="">
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