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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hello everyone,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I am investigating negation in Korean and was
wondering if anyone knew of a language that distinguishes "internal" versus
"external" negation. I would also be happy to know what terms this
distinction goes by.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In Korean, there are two basic negative markers:
<EM>an</EM> and <EM>mos</EM>. One implies that an action did not occur due
to the will of the subject while the other implies that an action did not occur
due to external factors.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(1) na-neun chaek-eul
an sa-sseo.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>
I-TOP book-ACC NEG buy-PAST</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2> "I did not buy a/the
book." (i.e., I had an opportunity to buy the book, but I
didn't.)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>(2) na-neun chaek-eul mos
sa-sseo.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>
I-TOP book-ACC NEG buy-PAST</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2> "I did not buy a/the book
OR I couldn't buy a/the book" (i.e., I didn't have a chance to buy the
book.)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I'm curious to see if this distinction is
found in other languages, how it manifests itself, and how it is
described/analyzed. References to books/articles or to languages would be
greatly appreciated.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thank you for your help!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Robert A. Cloutier</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Amsterdam Center for Language and
Communication/Department of Dutch Studies</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>PC Hoofthuis, room 429</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Spuistraat 134</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>1012 VB Amsterdam</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Netherlands</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>+31 20 525 3219</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial
size=2>[r]{dot}[a]{dot}[cloutier]{at}[uva]{dot}[nl]</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><A
href="http://home.medewerker.uva.nl/r.a.cloutier/">http://home.medewerker.uva.nl/r.a.cloutier/</A></FONT></DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>