Where I wrote "nasal <span style="font-style: italic;">interjections</span>", please read "negative <span style="font-style: italic;">interjections</span>". My apologies for the mistake.<br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------
<br><span class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Eduardo Ribeiro</b> <<a href="mailto:kariri@gmail.com">kariri@gmail.com</a>><br>Date: Oct 11, 2007 10:31 AM<br>Subject: nasality, negation, and historical linguistics
<br>To: <a href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br><br></span><div>Dear colleagues,</div>
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<div>Thank you very much to all those who responded to my query on the negation/nasality claim. It's interesting to know that it is a far from proven (and, it seems, far from systematically tested) hypothesis.</div>
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<div>My main interest in this topic is historical-comparative. I've recently written a paper (with Dutch linguist Hein van der Voort) proposing the genetic relationship between the Jabuti and Jê families, as part of a larger Macro-Jê stock (Lowland South America). Considering the potentially controversial nature of this proposal, I just wanted to anticipate any criticisms on some of the proposed cognates.
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<div>Among the latter is a pair of negative morphemes which are extremely similar in both families, and can actually be reconstructed individually for both Proto-Jabuti and Proto-Jê:</div>
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<div>Djeoromitxi -tõ (Jabuti family)</div>
<div>Xavante -tõ (Jê family)</div>
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<div>Djeoromitxi ma (Jabuti family)</div>
<div>Xavante ma (Jê family)</div>
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<div>In addition to distributional similarities (both Djeoromitxi and Xavante -tõ, for instance, can be used with nouns in a manner similar to English <em>-less</em> in <em>childless,</em> etc.; <em>ma</em> is in both families used in responses to yes/no questions), the phonological correspondences between both sets of morphemes are fully corroborated by the lexical comparison.
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<div>I guess, however, that even though there are many exceptions to the idea of a nasality/negation nexus, there's no place for comfort with this type of word when one is dealing with long-range genetic comparison. It is similar to so-called nursery words: even though many languages will have clearly non-symbolic words for "daddy", "mommy" etc., the use of a similar word as evidence for (long-range) genetic relationship may always be seen as questionable.
<br><br>Something possibly relevant is that there seems to be a "scale" along which the plausibility of cognacy may increase: from a more interjection-like form (where the likelihood of chance similarities will be higher) to a more grammaticalized form (where chance similarities will be less likely). A recent study on words for "yes" ('A cross-linguistic corpus of forms meaning "yes"', by Steve Parker;
<a href="http://journals.dartmouth.edu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/2/xmlpage/1/article/306" target="_blank" onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)">http://journals.dartmouth.edu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/2/xmlpage/1/article/306
</a>) shows that "this word exhibits cross-linguistic tendencies to contain laryngeal phonemes". I wouldn't be too surprised if a similar study with nasal <span style="font-style: italic;">interjections</span>
showed a similar tendency (involving nasal sounds, that is). But that's another story, far beyond my current, modest purposes.<br><br>Again, thanks for all your help!<br><br>Best,<br><br>Eduardo</div>
<br clear="all"><br>-- <br><a href="http://kawina.wordpress.com">http://kawina.wordpress.com</a>