<div>Dear All,</div> <div>I agree Geofferey's comment:</div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><FONT face=宋体>it </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><FONT face=宋体>is not that German has "a gap"; rather it is English which is unusual </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>in </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><FONT face=宋体>not treating CRACK like a verb of natural process.</FONT></SPAN></div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">I guess this has something to do with the fact that it is very hard to control the action that make a vase cracked but not broken, or it is very rare to purposely make a vase cracked but not broken.</SPAN></div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><FONT face=宋体></FONT></SPAN> </div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><FONT face=宋体>Chinese (Mandarin, and my
native dialect, Shanghai dialect) has the gap as in German. It treat liefeng (crack) as a noun (state), an intransitive verb (change of state), but not a transitive verb (causation). Specifically, Chinese has the literally/structurally correponding translation for </FONT></SPAN></div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">The vase has a crack (<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Huaping you liefeng),</SPAN></SPAN></div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">The vase cracked (huaping liefeng-le)</SPAN></SPAN></div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></SPAN></SPAN> </div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">but not for </SPAN></SPAN></div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">The vase was cracked and </SPAN></SPAN></div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Father cracked the vase.</SPAN></SPAN></div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"></SPAN></SPAN> </div> <div><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">Bingfu Lu </SPAN></div></SPAN> <div><BR><BR><B><I>Geoffrey Haig <haig@LINGUISTIK.UNI-KIEL.DE></I></B> 写道:</div> <BLOCKQUOTE class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid">Dear All<BR><BR>please delete my last mail, which confused a quite different message with<BR>my intended contribution to this discussion - reproduced below; my<BR>apologies<BR>geoff<BR><BR>The fact we are presumably trying to explain here is why no regular<BR>derivative of the German intransitive verb SPRINGEN
'crack' can readily be<BR>combined with a human agent, while English CRACK (and its derivatives)<BR>can. But in English too there is a restricted class of Change-of-State<BR>verbs that display quite similar characteristics to German SPRINGEN, for<BR>example verbs of natural processes such as DECAY, ERUPT, ROT, WILT,<BR>EVAPORATE. An interesting word in this connection is FISSURE, which can be<BR>used as an intransitive verb (according to Collins ED), but I find it<BR>pretty well impossible as a transitive verb. Judging by the previous<BR>responses to Franz's query, the cross-language equivalents of CRACK are<BR>generally conceptualized along similar lines to English FISSURE. Thus it<BR>is not that German has "a gap"; rather it is English which is unusual in<BR>not treating CRACK like a verb of natural process.The question is whether<BR>this is an isolated fact about one lexical item, or whether it reflects<BR>more fundamental differences in the way grammar and lexicon are
mapped<BR>onto each other in different languages.<BR><BR>On German: it would be worth looking at similar words to SPRUNG in German<BR>such as RISS and KNICK, which seem to me to behave somewhat differently.<BR></BLOCKQUOTE><BR>