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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">We are investigating
the alignment of modification coding, and requesting for more related
cross-linguistic data and references.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><span style=""> </span>Some languages have modification markers
whose function is to signify the statue of modifiers within NPs, such as
Mandarin enclitic ‘de’, which follows nouns (genitives), adjectives and verbs
(relative clauses) and make them modifiers of head nouns; as well as Japanese ‘no’,
which follows determiners, numerals and nouns to make them modifiers of head
nouns. We noticed that in most cases, modification markers are aligned
continually on the following series of categories.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">continuum:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 16pt;"><b style=""><span style="">Determiners,<span style="">
</span>Numerals,<span style=""> </span>Nouns,
Adjectives,<span style=""> </span>Verbs<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Thus, Chinese ‘de’ is
used with the three categories on the right side, while Japanese ‘no’ is used
with the three categories on the left side.<span style="">
</span>Amis, a Austronesian language in Taiwan, ‘a’ is used with all these five
categories. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><span style=""> </span>The following is a simple summery of
our result so far.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="border: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.7in;" valign="top" width="67">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Det.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Num.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">N.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adj.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">V.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">example<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">lgs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">type<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 234.9pt;" valign="top" width="313">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">Amis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 139.5pt;" valign="top" width="186">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">Mandarin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">13<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.9pt;" valign="top" width="193">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">Japanese<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.5pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="120">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">Jinuo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 45pt;" valign="top" width="60">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">Naxi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 40.5pt;" valign="top" width="54">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; line-height: 16pt;" align="center"><span style="">5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">In the above table, 0
stands for zero markers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 16pt;"><b style=""><span style="">Type 1</span></b><span style="">:<span style=""> </span>Amis, Paiwan, Pazeh (Austronesian) ; Lingao
(Kam, in Sino-Tibetan). All modifiers use a same non-zero markers.<span style=""> </span>4 languages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 16pt;"><b style=""><span style="">Type 2</span></b><span style="">: Mandarin, Lahu<span style=""> </span>(Yi, in Tibentan-Burman); Zaiwa (Burman, in
Tibentan-Burman); Mulam, Maonan, Biao, Dong, Mulao, Bugan, Cun (Kam, in
Sino-Tibetan); Miao, Mien, She<span style=""> </span>(Hmong-Mien,
in Sino-Tibetan).<span style=""> </span>Excluding determiners
and numerals, all other modifiers use a same marker.<span style=""> </span>13 languages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 16pt;"><b style=""><span style="">Type 3</span></b><span style="">: Japanese; Bunun,
Thao (Austronesian).<span style=""> </span>Excluding adjectives
and relative clauses (predicate-type modifiers) use a same marker ‘no’.<span style=""> </span>language<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 16pt;"><b style=""><span style="">Type 4:</span></b><span style=""><span style=""> </span>Jinuo (Yi, in Tibentan-Burman); Kachin
(Kachin, in Tibentan-Burman); Achang, Langsu, Xiandao, Bola (Burman, in
Tibentan-Burman); Namuyi (Qiang, in Tibentan-Burman); Mo, Li (Kam, in
Sino-Tibetan).<span style=""> </span>Excluding determiners
and numerals, the remaining modifiers are divided into two categories, each
using a marker.<span style=""> </span>9 languages, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 16pt;"><b style=""><span style="">Type 5:</span></b><span style=""><span style=""> </span>Naxi (Yi, in Tibentan-Burman). Excluding
determiners and numerals, genitives and adjectives share the same marker ‘ge’
while relative clauses use another marker ‘be’. 1 language<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Any data and
references related to the above issue are most welcome!<span style=""> </span>We will make a summary if feedback
information is enough.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Bingfu Lu (Max Plank
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology )<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Zhenglin Qu (Shanghai
Normal University)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Please send your
corresponding messages to the following addresses simultaneously:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">bingfu_lu@eva.mpg.de<span style="">,<span style=""><span style=""> </span>quzl@yahoo.cn<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><b style=""><span style="">Interesting
colleagues may read the following for the background information.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">This project is
inspired by Foley (1980) and (Gil 2005) and <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Foley (1980) proposes the following hierarchy of boundedness of modifiers
(> means that the modifier is bound to its head noun ‘more strongly than’):<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText2">Articles > Deictics > Interrogatives >
Quantifiers/Indefinites > Adjectives ><span style="">
</span>Relative Clauses.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.25in; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Based on the data of several
Austronesian languages, Foley claims that if a language uses a ‘ligature’ in
certain modifier category, modifier categories of weaker boundedness must use
the ligature as well.<span style=""> </span>In other words,
the more bounded a modifier is, the less it requires a ligature.<span style=""> </span>The essence of the proposal is that a
ligature must cover a continuous region on the boundedness hierarchy.<span style=""> </span>In what follows, we take such ligatures as
kind of<span style=""> </span>‘modification markers’.<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>However, MMs in many languages do not fit
Foley’s description of MM distribution.<span style="">
</span>For example, Japanese MM ‘<i>no’</i> appears with deictics and
quantifiers, but not with adjectives and relative clauses, as well as in
Austronesian Bunun and Thao.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><span style=""> </span>According to the coding alignment of
three attributive expressions (genitives, adjectives and relative clauses, Gil
2005), language can be grouped into 5 types:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Weakly differentiated, such as Mandarin,
using the enclitic‘de’ as the modification marker for all the three
attributives. (15 languages in Gil’s 138-language data base) <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Moderately differentiated, with genitives
and adjectives collapsed, such as the Västerbotten dialect of Swedish.<span style=""> </span>8 lgs.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Moderately differentiated, with genitives
and relative clauses collapsed, such as the Jewish Arbel dialect of
Aramaic.<span style=""> </span>2 lgs.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Moderately differentiated, with
adjectives and relative clauses collapsed, such as Tagalog 33 lgs.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Moderately differentiated; other, like
Tai, where, on one hand, with genitives and adjectives collapsed, on the
other hand, with adjectives and relatives collapsed.<span style=""> </span>3<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Highly differentiated, like English,
where the three attributives are coded differently one another.<span style=""> </span>77 lgs.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Since types 3 and 5
are rarely attested, we temporarily ignore them.<span style=""> </span>Thus, we propose the following attribution table, where the
coding alignment is continuous. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div align="center">
<table style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="border: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">genitives<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">adjectives<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Relative clauses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: 0.5pt 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">Types<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">1 weakly diff.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">2 moderately diff.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">3 moderately diff.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-width: medium 0.5pt 0.5pt medium; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style="">4 highly diff.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">Furthermore, <span style="">w</span>e extend
the attributive expressions to <span style="">more </span>modifying expressions, including
determiners and numerals.<span style=""> </span><span style="">Our investigation
is mainly based </span>on the <span style="">data from 40 ethnic languages in China</span>,
which carry certain modification markers. <span style=""><span style=""> </span>However, we would like to expand the data base to more languages.</span>
<span style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 1.3pt 0.0001pt 30pt; text-indent: -30pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">References<br><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 1.3pt 0.0001pt 30pt; text-indent: -30pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gil. David 2005. Genitives, Adjectives
and Relative Clauses <a href="http://wals.info/feature/description/60"><span style="">http://wals.info/feature/description/60</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0in 1.3pt 0.0001pt 30pt; text-indent: -30pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Foley, William A. 1980. Toward a
universal typology of the noun phrase. Studies in language 4:171-199.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td></tr></table><br>