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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I would say Russian </span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>“v nem my poterjali...” (in
him we lost) is extremely rare, much more frequent is highly idiomatic “v ego
lice my poterjali” (in his face we lost...)</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>If Google is anything to go by: </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=RU
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>в нем мы потеряли</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> (v nem my poterjali...) – 6 times </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=RU
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>в его лице мы потеряли</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=RU style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy'> </span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>(v ego lice my poterjali</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=RU style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:navy'>...</span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>)</span></font><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'> </span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> – 16,600 times. </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:windowtext'>-----Original Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> Discussion List for ALT
[mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On
Behalf Of </span></b>Wolfgang Schulze<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, December 17, 2009
8:01 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b>
LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> German MIT</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:
36.0pt'><font size=3 color="#000099" face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Dear friends,<br>
during a lecture on German syntax, we came across the following problem: German
makes use of a topic (?) construction that goes this way:<br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Mit ihm </span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'>haben wir ein-en Freund verloren.<br>
</span></i>with he:DAT have:PRES:1PL we INDEF-MASC:ACC friend lose:PPP<br>
<br>
I have difficulties to translate this into good English (my fault, sorry!): The
meaning of the <i><span style='font-style:italic'>mit-</span></i>NP is not
instrumental or comitative, but 'identifying' or 'explicative' ('in terms
of', or so), that is (here:) the anaphor is correferential with <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Freund </span></i>(a paraphrase would perhaps be: 'We
have lost him in terms of ~ being ~ as a friend'). This pattern also
works with names or (less obvious) with ordinary nouns, such as:<br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Mit Eva</span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'> haben wir eine Freundin verloren.<br>
</span></i>'We have lost Eva in terms of a friend' (or so). <br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Mit der Feldforschung </span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'>ist der erste Schritt gemacht.<br>
</span></i>'The first step has been taken in terms of fieldfwork' (or so).<br>
<br>
This construction seems to be dependent from placing the<i><span
style='font-style:italic'> mit-</span></i>NP into the preverbal topic field,
compare:<br>
<br>
<b><i><span style='font-weight:bold;font-style:italic'>Mit Paul </span></i></b><i><span
style='font-style:italic'>verließ uns ein Freund.<br>
</span></i>Paul left us in terms of a friend (or so)'. <br>
<br>
But (comitative reading):<br>
<br>
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>Ein Freund verließ uns <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>mit Paul</span></b><br>
</span></i>A friend left us (together) with Paul.' <br>
<br>
Interestingly enough, the <i><span style='font-style:italic'>mit-</span></i>construction
at issue shows an ergative distribution (S=O;A): As a far as I can see, we can
use this 'identifying' strategy with NPs in S or O function only, but not in A
function, compare:<br>
<br>
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>Mit ihr starb</span></i> [<i><span
style='font-style:italic'>eine gute Freundin</span></i>]:<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>S</span></b><br>
She died being a good friend (or so).<br>
<i><span style='font-style:italic'><br>
Mit ihr verlor ich</span></i> [<i><span style='font-style:italic'>eine gute
Freund</span></i>]:<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>O</span></b><br>
I have lost a good friend in terms of her (or so).'<br>
<br>
But not:<br>
<br>
*<i><span style='font-style:italic'>Mit ihm verlor</span></i> [<i><span
style='font-style:italic'>der Mann</span></i>]:<b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>A</span></b> <i><span style='font-style:italic'>seine Ehre</span></i>.<br>
with he:DAT lose:PAST:3SG DEF:MASC:NOM Mann his-FEM:ACC honor<br>
<br>
My question now is whether some of you know about analogous constructions in
other languages, and, if yes, which strategies are applied (including a
possible constraint regarding accusativity/ergativity) . In German, the pattern
seems to based on the extreme polysemy of the preposition <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>mit</span></i>, covering (among many others) a true
instrumental, a comitative, and some kind of 'equipment' function. This
equipment function (that is a comitative-like function used with non-animates)
seems to be a possible candidate for the development of the above-mentioned
'explicative' pattern, even though it strongly favors animate NPs. I also have
the impression that the referent in the <i><span style='font-style:italic'>mit</span></i>-NP
stands in a meronymic relation with the 'correferential' expression in the
second NP, but I'm not fully sure about that.<br>
<br>
Finally, I would be happy if you know of a better and more precise term for the
function at issue. <br>
<br>
Many thanks in advance for sharing with me your expertise and best wishes,<br>
Wolfgang<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>-- <br>
<br>
</span></font></p>
<link rel=themeData href="schulze-Dateien/themedata.thmx">
<link rel=colorSchemeMapping href="schulze-Dateien/colorschememapping.xml">
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><b><font size=1 color="#c00000"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#C00000;font-weight:
bold'>Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schulze </span></font></b><font
size=1><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>----------------------------------------------------------
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><i><font size=1 color=red
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;color:red;font-style:italic'>Primary
contact:
</span></font></i><span lang=EN-US><u8:p></u8:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Institut für Allgemeine
& Typologische Sprachwissenschaft <u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Dept. II / F 13
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Ludwigstraße 25
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color=red
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;color:red'>Postanschrift /
Postal address:</span></font><font size=1><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
9.0pt'> Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>D-80539
München
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Tel.:
0049-(0)89-2180-2486
(Secretary)
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>
0049-(0)89-2180-5343
(Office)
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=FR style='font-size:9.0pt'>Fax:
0049-(0)89-2180-16567 //
0049-(0)89-2180-5345
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=FR style='font-size:9.0pt'>Email: </span></font><font
size=1><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><a
href="mailto:W.Schulze@lrz.uni-muenchen.de"><span lang=FR>W.Schulze@lrz.uni-muenchen.de</span></a></span></font><font
size=1><span lang=FR style='font-size:9.0pt'> /// </span></font><font
size=1><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><a
href="mailto:Wolfgang.Schulze@lmu.de"><span lang=FR>Wolfgang.Schulze@lmu.de</span></a></span></font><font
size=1><span lang=FR style='font-size:9.0pt'>
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Web: <a
href="http://www.ats.uni-muenchen.de/personen/professoren/schulze/index.html">http://www.ats.uni-muenchen.de/personen/professoren/schulze/index.html</a><u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><a
href="http://www.wolfgangschulze.in-devir.com">http://www.wolfgangschulze.in-devir.com</a>
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>----------------------------------------------------------<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><i><font size=1 color=red
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;color:red;font-style:italic'>Second
contact:
</span></font></i><span lang=EN-US><u8:p></u8:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Katedra
Germanistiký
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Fakulta humanitných
vied
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Univerzita Mateja Béla /
Banská Bystrica
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Tajovského
40
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>SK-97401 Banská
Bystrica
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Tel:
(00421)-(0)48-4465108
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Fax:
(00421)-(0)48-4465512
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Email: <a
href="mailto:Schulze@fhv.umb.sk">Schulze@fhv.umb.sk</a>
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>Web: <a
href="http://www.fhv.umb.sk/app/user.php?user=schulze">http://www.fhv.umb.sk/app/user.php?user=schulze</a>
<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'>----------------------------------------------------------<u8:p></u8:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=1 color="#000099"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt'><u8:p> </u8:p></span></font></p>
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