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Dear colleagues,<br>
<br>
I was wondering whether people on the list know of languages that
grammaticalized a deontic construction into a focus-argument
construction (or have one and the same construction for both). Beja
(Cushitic) may be such a language: both values involve a finite verb
form (limited to the Imperfective and the Narrative for the deontic)
to which the nominal copula is cliticized:<br>
<small><small><small><small><small><small><small><br>
</small></small></small></small></small></small></small>
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<p style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in;
text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi:
embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"><small>ani</small></span><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"> <span style=""></span></span><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"></span></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><small>a-dir</small></span></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><small>=i</small>
</span><span style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos SIL"; color:
black; font-style: italic;"><span style="">
</span><small>ti-</small></span><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"><small>dhani</small></span><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"><small>ː</small></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"></span></small></small></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"><small>naː</small></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"><small>j</small></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></p>
<p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in;
text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi:
embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana;
color: black;"><span style=""></span><small><small>1SG.NOM
<span style=""> </span>1SG-kill\</small></small></span><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 20pt; font-family:
Verdana; color: black;"></span></small></small></small></small><span
style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana;
color: black;"><small><small>PFV=COP.1SG</small></small><span
style=""> </span><small><small>DEF.SG.F-monster<br>
'I am the one who killed the monster'<br>
</small></small></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></p>
<p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in;
text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi:
embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana;
color: black;"></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"><small>jam</small>
</span><span style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos SIL";
color: black; font-style: italic;"><small>ti-mir-i=</small></span><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos
SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"></span></small></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos
SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"><small>eː</small></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos
SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"><small>k</small></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos
SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"></span></small></small></small></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-style: italic;"> </span><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos
SIL"; color: black;
font-weight: bold; font-style:
italic;"></span><small><small><span
style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos
SIL"; color: black;
font-weight: bold; font-style:
italic; vertical-align:
super;"></span></small></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt;
font-family: "Doulos
SIL"; color: black;
font-weight: bold; font-style:
italic;"><small>gwʔ-i</small></span></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color:
black; font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;"><small>ː=</small></span></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family:
"Doulos SIL"; color: black;
font-weight: bold; font-style:
italic;"><small>wa</small></span></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small></small><span
style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Doulos SIL";
color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">
</span>
<p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in;
text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr;
unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span
style=""></span><small><small>water
2SG.M-find-NAR.2SG.M=COP.2SG.M</small></small></span></p>
<small><small><small><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family:
Verdana; color: black;"><small><small>'if you find water
you must</small></small> <small><small>drink'</small></small>
</span></small></small></small><br>
<span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">
</span></p>
<br>
Thanks in advance<br>
<br>
Best wishes<br>
<br>
Martine<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">
--
Martine Vanhove - Directrice
LLACAN - UMR 8135 du CNRS
Centre Georges Haudricourt, Bat. C
7, rue Guy Môquet B.P. 8
94801 Villejuif Cedex
Tel: 33 1 49 58 38 18 Fax: 33 1 49 58 38 00
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/">http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/</a></pre>
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