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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear Typologists,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The background to my query:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I am working on a group of
West Iranian
languages spoken in the Turkish/Iranian/Iraqi border regions.
They are
regularly classified as OV, but frequently place “Goal”
arguments after the
predicate. “Goal” is used here as a cover term for:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">- Goals of verbs of motion<br>
- Recipients of verbs of transfer<br>
- Addressees of verbs of speech</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> Text counts in one of the
languages reveals
between 80-90% of all Goals (in the above sense) are
post-predicate; this is
clearly the dominant order. The figure varies according to the
areal distribution
of these languages, and in fact provides an interesting measure
of areally-determined
micro-variation in syntax. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">An interesting additional
fact is that it
is extremely common in these languages that the post-predicate
Goals lack any
overt flagging (while the pre-predicate ones require it).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> Unfortunately the
typological literature I
am aware of gives little information on this topic: WALS feature
84A (order of
Oblique, Object and Verb) does not discuss Recipients, nor does
it look at
Goals with intransitives, while Feature 105A (ditransitives with
‘give’) does not
discuss word order.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">So here is my question,
directed at those who work
on OV languages outside Iranian, and outside the region
concerned: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">- can you give me any
pointers to
literature describing this feature (or noting its absence), or
indication from
your own work on how widespread such post-predicate Goals are?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Note: I am solely concerned
with full NP Goals,
not pronouns (which may pattern quite differently).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">- If post-predicate Goals
are found, are
there restrictions on the semantic sub-type, or their formal
marking? For example,
Addressees in “my” languages are generally less prone to appear
after the
predicate than local or recipient goals, though this varies
across the region.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Many thanks in advance for
your help,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">cheers</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Geoff</span></p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Prof. Geoffrey Haig
Universität Bamberg
Lehrstuhl Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft / General Linguistics
96045 Bamberg
Tel. ++ 49 951 863 2490
Admin: ++ 49 951 863 2491</pre>
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