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<div>I noticed that phenomenon 50 years ago in the local form of the Persian language spoken in Sistan. I mentioned it in the journal <i>S</i><i>tudia Iranica</i>, vol.3, 1974, p. 66 and 67 (G. Lazard, "Morphologie du verbe dans le parler persan du Sistan"), ex. mrāso "I arrive" (final accent, long ā), but nmeraso "I do not arrive" (initial accent, short a). I have not seen it in any other Iranian language.</div><br><div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><div>Gilbert Lazard</div><div>49 av. de l'Observatoire, F-15014 Paris</div><div><br></div><div><a href="mailto:gilzard@orange.fr">gilzard@orange.fr</a></div><div><br></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></span> </div><br><div><div>Le 21 févr. 12 à 10:21, David Gil a écrit :</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Henning's description of Standard Russian sounds rather like western dialects of Colloquial Indonesian (even down to the misperception by foreigners), as described in ...</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Gil, David (2006) "Intonation and Thematic Roles in Riau Indonesian", in C.M. Lee, M. Gordon, and D. Büring eds., Topic and Focus, Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Meaning and Intonation, Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 82, Springer, Dordrecht, 41-68.</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">.. though with the following qualifications:</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1. the accent (which is always on the last syllable) is phrasal, ie. it is on the last syllable of the phrase, not the word;</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">2. the lengthening of the penultimate syllable is optional, and would seem to bear some kind of discourse function;</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">3. there is no vowel reduction in Indonesian, so the vowel lengthening is not meant to "save" a syllable from reduction (which is why I did not respond to the original query).</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">David</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div> <blockquote type="cite"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Kaan'echn@! Standard Russian is a language that distributes its stress over accented and pretonic syllable, the latter typically being as long or longer than the accented syllable (and often heard as the accented syllable by foreigners), By being long(er) pretonic vowels escape the vowel reduction that affects all other unaccented syllables—with the exception of vowels in absolute initial position. Hence osnova [asn'ova], osnovnoj [asnavn'oj], obosoblenie [ab@sablenie], etc.</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">This iambic distribution of duration in feet is actually a commonplace. Your key word is metrical phonology.</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Good luck with your work!</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Henning Andersen</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Quoting Sergey Lyosov <<a href="mailto:sergelyosov@inbox.ru">sergelyosov@inbox.ru</a>>:</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div> <blockquote type="cite"><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Dear typologists,</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">could somebody answer a question related to historical phonology?</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">The vocalism of the Hebrew Bible displays what is called “Vortondehnung,” lengthening of a short vowel in the pretonic open syllable. Admittedly, the language did so in order to “save” the respective vowel from the deletion that came about at a certain time point. Note that the pretonic [a] is usually lengthened, while the pretonic [i] and [u] are deleted. A simplified example is as follows: the Proto-Semitic *kabíd ‘heavy’ (the stress is on the last syllable) appears in Biblical Hebrew as kaabíd, while in Biblical Aramaic it is kbid.</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Do we know, cross-language, more cases of vowel lengthening meant to save a pretonic open-syllable short vowel from deletion?</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>With all best wishes,</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sergey Loesov</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Oriental Institute</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Russian State University for the Humanities</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">6 Miusskaya pl. Moscow 125267, Russia.</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div> </blockquote><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div> </blockquote><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">--<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">David Gil</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Department of Linguistics</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550119</div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Email: <a href="mailto:gil@eva.mpg.de">gil@eva.mpg.de</a></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Webpage:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/">http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/</a></div> </blockquote></div><br></body></html>