In my own research on GIVE verbs, I don't work with logician's definitions of "strict causation" but I do distinguish a "manipulative" kind of causative from a "pure" causative. "Manipulative" here means that person A in some way manipulates person (or animate entity) B to do something or to be in a new state. <div>
<br></div><div>When I was collecting examples of causative uses of GIVE for my research some years ago, I wasn't ever satisfied that a usage was non-manipulative until I found an example where there was no possibility of any interpersonal interaction. So, the Jacaltec example "the sun made the clothes dry" made it into my category of a "pure" causative extension of a GIVE verb, but many other causative examples didn't because of the possibility of construing them only as manipulation of an animate.</div>
<div><br></div><div>John<br><div><br></div><div><div><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Mar 28, 2012 at 9:09 AM, Suzanne Kemmer <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kemmer@rice.edu" target="_blank">kemmer@rice.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Hi all,<br>
<br>
I have been queried about something I wrote a long time ago, and I did not<br>
document the facts well enough to easily find more examples of a particular kind.<br>
<br>
Does anyone know of any languages in which the causative verb in an analytic causative construction<br>
is a verb literally meaning 'give'? The example I came across in fieldwork and mentioned in my<br>
paper with Arie Verhagen is: Luo MIYO 'give' which is used as an analytic causative verb.<br>
<br>
The easiest way to sum up the analytic causative construction I am talking about<br>
is: [ Causer V(of causation) Causee V (Patient) ] .<br>
<br>
Examples include English 'I made her laugh' and the French FAIRE causative.<br>
<br>
Case marking/grammatical relations of the participants can vary across languages; word order can vary. The second verb - the<br>
one with the variable lexical content, which expresses a predicate of result in this construction -- may or may not be finite, and if non-finite may or may not have an infinitive marker.<br>
<br>
The range of meanings of the construction should include 'X made Y do something'/ 'X caused Y to do something'.<br>
<br>
The reason:<br>
I am aware that some languages do not sharply distinguish 'strict causation' from<br>
other force dynamic configurations like allowing or ordering; such meanings are often found with such constructions as well as 'strict causation'.<br>
'Strict causation', which I have often been told is the only interpretation of such constructions that is typologically relevant, means causation<br>
as logicians define it: The caused predicate follows the causing predicate (or its associated specific action) in time; and, supposedly, it would not have taken place had not X done something unspecified that is expressed schematically by the causing predicate.<br>
Since many linguists are most interested in this 'logical' causation, I wanted to make sure examples of the construction include the meaning 'make Y do'. Not just 'let Y do', 'order Y to do' , etc.<br>
<br>
Thanks for any help!<br>
<span><font color="#888888">Suzanne Kemmer<br>
<br>
</font></span></blockquote></div><br>
</div></div></div>