<div>Dear Suzanne,</div><div>causative construction with 'give' is also found in East Caucasian language Kryz (aka Kryts), cf. Authier 2009: 305-307, where it is called "factitive". The construction is used with transitive verbs; the verb has the infinitive form, the causer is in the ergative (-E). 'Do' is used as a causative auxiliary with intransitive verbs (which take the form of verbal adjective, -A). Cf. an example with the GIVE-causative from the DO-causative:</div>
<div><br></div><div>a-n-ir a-n-van q’usi vu-b-tal-a v-ar-iz vu-du</div><div>3-H-E 3-H-ADR craddle.F PV-F-rock-A F-do-INF give-AOR.F</div><div>Il/elle lui a fait balancer le berceau. </div>
<div>(Authier, Gilles. 2009. Grammaire Kryz (langue caucasique d’Azerbaïdjan, dialecte d’Alik). Paris: Peeters.)</div><div><br></div><div>Some examples of GIVE > CAUSATIVE grammaticalization path are also given in Heine & Kuteva's "World Lexicon of Grammaticalization".</div>
<div><br></div><div>Timur Maisak</div><div><br></div><div>Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences</div><div><a href="http://lingvarium.org/maisak/">http://lingvarium.org/maisak/</a></div><div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote">
28 марта 2012 г. 21:12 пользователь Wolfgang Schulze <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:W.Schulze@lrz.uni-muenchen.de">W.Schulze@lrz.uni-muenchen.de</a>></span> написал:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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Dear Suzanne,<br>
just concerning GIVE-causatives: Mandarin might be another example
(but I'm not (!) an expert of Mandarin, let others tell more), cf.<br>
<br>
(1) gěi wŏ chī le
yī jīng<br>
give I eat ASP one
shock<br>
'(S/he) gave me a chock' (lit. (s/he) caused me to have (eat) a
fright.' <br>
<br>
(2) wŏ gěi nĭ cāi
ge míyŭ<br>
I give you:SG guess CL
riddle<br>
'I (will) let you guess a riddle.'<br>
<br>
(3) fángzi gěi tŭfèi
shaō le<br>
house give hooligan burn ASP<br>
'The house was burned down by the hooligans.'<br>
<br>
The Manchu Causative/Passive is probably based on a GIVE-verb, too
(*bu), cf.<br>
<br>
Passive:<br>
tere inenggi mi-ni jakûn
morin hûlha-bu-fi<br>
that day 1SG-GEN eight
horse:NOM steal-PASS-PFV:CNV<br>
'On that day my eight horses were stolen (by bandits).'<br>
<br>
Causative:<br>
bi morin be ule-bu-me<br>
1SG:NOM horse ACC drink-CAUS-IPFV:CNV<br>
'I let the horse drink (water).'<br>
'I let the horse drink (water).'<br>
<br>
Not to forget: The Udi (East Caucasian) causative -de- is a
shortened form of Caucasian Albanian daghe- 'to give'.<br>
<br>
I have given the relevant references in the summary of a discussion
we had some months ago on this list (<a href="http://www.lrz.de/~wschulze/causpass.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.lrz.de/~wschulze/causpass.pdf</a>).<br>
<br>
Best wishes,<br>
Wolfgang <br>
<br>
Am 28.03.2012 17:09, schrieb Suzanne Kemmer:
<div><div></div><div class="h5"><blockquote type="cite">
<pre>Hi all,
I have been queried about something I wrote a long time ago, and I did not
document the facts well enough to easily find more examples of a particular kind.
Does anyone know of any languages in which the causative verb in an analytic causative construction
is a verb literally meaning 'give'? The example I came across in fieldwork and mentioned in my
paper with Arie Verhagen is: Luo MIYO 'give' which is used as an analytic causative verb.
The easiest way to sum up the analytic causative construction I am talking about
is: [ Causer V(of causation) Causee V (Patient) ] .
Examples include English 'I made her laugh' and the French FAIRE causative.
Case marking/grammatical relations of the participants can vary across languages; word order can vary. The second verb - the
one with the variable lexical content, which expresses a predicate of result in this construction -- may or may not be finite, and if non-finite may or may not have an infinitive marker.
The range of meanings of the construction should include 'X made Y do something'/ 'X caused Y to do something'.
The reason:
I am aware that some languages do not sharply distinguish 'strict causation' from
other force dynamic configurations like allowing or ordering; such meanings are often found with such constructions as well as 'strict causation'.
'Strict causation', which I have often been told is the only interpretation of such constructions that is typologically relevant, means causation
as logicians define it: The caused predicate follows the causing predicate (or its associated specific action) in time; and, supposedly, it would not have taken place had not X done something unspecified that is expressed schematically by the causing predicate.
Since many linguists are most interested in this 'logical' causation, I wanted to make sure examples of the construction include the meaning 'make Y do'. Not just 'let Y do', 'order Y to do' , etc.
Thanks for any help!
Suzanne Kemmer
</pre>
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