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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dear Nigel,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I use ‘conative’ as a gloss for a verbal suffix that expresses a meaning of ‘try to VERB’ in Mongsen Ao. I suspect that it has grammaticalised from a verb root
meaning ‘look’, given its semantics and identical phonological form. An alternative gloss for it could be ‘probative’, as it is also used with the meaning of ‘test, try out’. This ‘try/test’ meaning is distinct from that of another verbal suffix occurring
in the same slot in the verb template and expressing the various meanings of ‘VERB ineffectually; VERB incorrectly; VERB incompletely; VERB repeatedly’, for which I use the term ‘frustrative.’ The latter might be used to describe the wounding of an animal
when hunting when the intention was to kill it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Coupe, A.R. 2007.
<i>A grammar of Mongsen Ao. </i>Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Alec<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">---</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Alexander R. Coupe, Ph.D.
</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:red">|</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> Assistant Professor
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Tel: (65) 6592-1567 </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray">GMT+8h</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">
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Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Discussion List for ALT [mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Nigel Vincent<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, 27 November, 2012 8:43 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> the term conative<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Dear Colleagues,<br>
I'm interested in uses of the term 'conative'. I have seen it used to describe case alternations equivalent to the difference in English between 'he shot the bear' and 'he shot at the bear', for example in languages like Warlpiri, and Kiparsky has suggested
an affinity between the Warlpiri pattern and the alternation between accusative and partitive objects in Finnish. The latter are also sometimes called irresultative. What I am finding it harder to get examples of are instances of conative as a label for verb
inflections or periphrases. Matthews' Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics says the term can be used for verb inflections with the meaning 'try to' but he doesn't cite any languages which have this phenomenon. I'd be grateful therefore for any other languages
that colleagues can point me to which exhibit a conative construction in this second sense. Aikhenvald's grammar of Tariana identifies a complex predicate construction which she calls 'irresultative' and which comes close: as she says such complex predicates
'describe actions or states which do not quite amount to what they ought to', though in her examples there doesn't seem to be any necessary implication of trying.
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Nigel<br>
P.S. I'm assuming that Jakobson's use of the term 'conative' to describe one of the functions of language is something altogether different.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Professor Nigel Vincent, FBA<br>
Professor Emeritus of General & Romance Linguistics<br>
The University of Manchester<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">The University of Manchester<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Manchester M13 9PL<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"><a href="http://www.llc.manchester.ac.uk/subjects/lel/staff/nigel-vincent/">http://www.llc.manchester.ac.uk/subjects/lel/staff/nigel-vincent/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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