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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";">In Korowai (Van Enk and De
Vries 1997:69), adjectives generally precede the noun, but a few
follow.<span style=""> </span>In Sare, the word for 'little'
can follow the
noun, but otherwise adjectives precede the noun.<span style="">
</span>In Mbili (Ayuinjam 1998), the majority of
adjectives follow the noun, but a minority precede.<span
style=""> </span>In Awa Pit (Curnow 1997), predominantly
AdjN,
but a few adjectives can follow.<span style=""> </span>In Vili
(Ndamba 1977), the words for 'big' and 'small' precede, but
other adj's follow.<span style=""> </span>In Iraqi Arabic
(Erwin 1963), the word for
'good' precedes, while others follow, but 'good' behave
differently from
adjectives in other respects.<span style=""> </span>In Persian
(Rastorgueva 1964, Lambton1967,Lazard 1957), only a few
adjectives can precede
the noun.<span style=""> </span>In Pawaian (Trefry 1969),
colour adjectives follow the noun if there is another adjective
preceding the
noun.<span style=""> </span>In Shilluk (Kohnen 1933),
adjectives generally follow the noun, but there are two words, a
diminutive
word and an augmentative word, precede (and may not be true
adjectives).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";">There are also languages
where some words with adjective meaning occur on one side of the
noun while
others precede, but the difference is a function of whether the
words in
question are verbs or members of a distinct adjective class.<span
style=""> </span>Central Tarahumara (Cohen 1998) appears to
be
an instance of this.<span style=""> </span>Tsafiki (Dickinson
2002) is sort of an instance of this in that true adjectives
precede the noun,
while stative verbs with meanings expressed by adjectives in
European languages
can precede or follow.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";">I have many languages
recorded as having a dominant order of adjective and noun, with
the other order
possible but not dominant, but would have to examine each
individually to see in
which of them the choice is lexically-governed.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";">Matthew</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">L.KOROWAI;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">S.Van Enk and De Vries (1997);</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">X.7;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">GE.Awju-Dumut;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">PL.Irian Jaya;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">P.5d15S,140dE;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">D.Jun99;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">B.Krw;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">0.SOV;9(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">1.a.GN;121,156,174,175,183(Egs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>b.juxta/gensuff;;suff
on gen general modifier
marker</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">2.AN/na;69(st);a few adj can
follow noun</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">L.SARE;=Kapriman</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">S.Sumbuk(2002);;pages are for 1999
draft</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">GE.Sepik Hill;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">PL.Papua New Guinea;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">P.4d30S,143d10E;in west of area
shown on map,
according to Foley</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">D.Oct98;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">0.SOV/svo/ovs/vos;;228(st);VO
whenever IO or
adverb precedes V;SVO in neg</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">1.a.GN;;107,156(sts)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>b.WordBetween(CL);;156(see);attaches
to
postnominal modifier</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">2.a.AN/na;;125,148(sts);the adj
'little' may
precede or follow</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">L.TARAHUMARA (CENTRAL);partly
done,not bad for
GB</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">S.Cohen(1998);</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">GE.Tarahumaran;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">PL.Mexico;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">P.27d30N,107d30W;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">0.a.SOV;172,190(sts)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>b.SV;172(rule)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>c.OV;190(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">2.AN/na;227(st);true adjs
prec,verb adjs follow</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">3.Po;249(impl)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">4.a.DemN;222(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>c.DefN;222(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>d.IndefN;222(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>f.Def=Dem;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>g.Indef=Num;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">6.NRel;229(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">7.CaseSuff;egs</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">12.TASuff;177(table)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">16.a.NegV(NB);282(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>c.NegNotVInfl;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">17.DegAdj;242-245(impl,egs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">20.ObligInitWh;294(impl)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">23.CompS;266-268(Begs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">25.a.PP-V;196(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>c.SXOV;196(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">29.QuantN;225(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">In Awa Pit (Curnow 1997),
predominantly AdjN,
but a few adjectives can follow.</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">L.AWA PIT;=Cuaiquer, pages for
later corrected
version</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">S.Curnow(1997);</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">X.3,5,6;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">X.7;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">F.Barbacoan;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">H.Barbacoan;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">GE.Barbacoan;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">PL.Colombia,Ecuador;Carchi
province along
Columbian border</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">P.1d30N,78d15W;1(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">D.Jun97;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">0.SOV;50(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">1.a.GN;117(formula),123ff(Begs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>b.WordBetween/Juxta;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>e.NotAlien;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">2.a.AN/na;88,90(sts),117(formula),120(st);big,small,male,female
follow
N, as do deverbal adjectives</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">L.MBILI;partly done,see egs</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">S.Ayuninjam(1998);</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">X.;close to Babungo</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">GE.Bantoid;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">PL.Cameroon;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">P.6d07N,10d12E;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">D.Mar03;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">0.SVO;323(formula)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">2.NA/an;215(st);more follow noun,
but those that
precede include some basic meanings</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";">In Vili (Ndamba 1977), the
words for 'big' and 'small' precede, but other adj's follow.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">L.VILI;partly done;=Fiote?CK
Carrie to see if
spoken in DRC,if so then his Fiote is not the same as Vili</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">S.Ndamba(1977),Carrie(1890);</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">GE.Bantoid;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">P.5d30S,14dE;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">PL.Congo,Gabon;Democratic Republic
of Congo??</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">E2.Vili;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">E.vif;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">RU.Yombe;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">W.vif;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">0.SVO;C:159(st),162(see);
N:332(Eg)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>c.vo;N:130(Egs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">1.a.NG;N:316-317(st,egs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>b.GenPref;;genpref
agrees with head</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">2.NA/an;N:285-287,322,324(sts);big
and small
precede</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">L.ARABIC (IRAQI);</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">S.Erwin(1963);McCarthy&Raffouli(1964)
not
examined</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">X.8;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">GE.Semitic;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">PL.Iraq;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">P.33dN,44dE;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">B.Arq;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">D.Jul00;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">0.b.SV;316,325,326,328,329(Egs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>c.VO;332(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">1.a.NG;368(st,egs)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>b.Juxta/posssuff/genpref;368,378(sts)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">2.a.NA/an;319,352,362,366(sts);word
for 'good'
precedes,but lacks adj props;comparative may precede</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";">In Persian (Rastorgueva 1964,
Lambton1967,Lazard 1957), only a few adjectives can precede the
noun.</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">L.PERSIAN;Hc</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">S.Rastorgueva(1964),Elwell-Sutton(1941),Elwell-Sutton(1963),Lambton(1967),Lazard(1957a);</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">X.3,4,6;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">X.7;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">GE.Iranian;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">G.Indo-European:Indo-Iranian:Iranian:Western:Kurdish;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">P.32dN,54dE;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">PL.Iran;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">E.PES;</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">0.SOV/svo;R:49,22,Elwell-Sutton
1941:12(imp),Lambton 1967:5(st),Lazard 1957a:207-208(st)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">1.a.NG;R:21(st,eg),Elwell-Sutton
1963:41(impl)</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";"><span style=""> </span>b.PossSuff;Lambton
1967:9(st);nonpronominal,occurs
in NA too</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman";">2.a.NA/an;R:21,23(st,eg),Lambton
1967:19,21(sts),Lazard 1957a:81(st);superlative adjective
precedes, some others
can precede</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New
Roman";"> </span></p>
On 2/19/13 5:55 PM, Jennifer Culbertson wrote:
<blockquote
cite="mid:CAJMzoR5pgGh2m_2ynbOHKS8TyF6OHm8LDF_v7vxMViDreEi0Bg@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite"><font face="PrimaSans BT,Verdana,sans-serif">Hi all,<br>
<br>
I'm interested in examples of languages which have
lexically-determined exceptions to a general adjective placement
rule. A very well-documented example is French, in which
adjectives are generally post-nominal but a (small)
lexically-determined set can be pre-nominal. Do you know of
other examples?<br>
<br>
I'm also interested in whether anyone knows of any typological
work which might suggest whether this kind of variation is more
common for adjectives compared to numerals (or vice versa). I
know of cases in which the placement of the numerals one and/or
two differ from other numerals, but I don't have a sense for how
common that is.<br>
<br>
Thanks in advance for your help!<br>
<br>
Jennifer Culbertson<br>
Assistant Professor<br>
Linguistics Program<br>
George Mason University</font>
</blockquote>
<br>
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