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Dear Scott and dear All,<br>
<br>
As far as we now, the most common source of diminutive affixes
crosslinguistically is the noun for "child" (Jurafsky 1996). This
usually starts being used as a sort of classificatory noun to refer
to the young age of animate entities and gets gradually extended to
inanimate nouns where it marks small size with countable nouns and
small quantity with uncountable. Interestingly, there is no evidence
for affixal diminutives to derive from modifiers meaning "small'.
On the other hand, the diachronic development of diminutive
reduplication is very difficult to pin down, considering its
intertwinment with other grammatical functions (plurality,
distributivity, attenuation etc.). It would be interesting to
investigate if the notion of <i>fragmentation </i>used by Alex to
make sense of the polysemy of reduplication in Mwotlap is also
applicable on the diachronic level. Also, it would be interesting to
see how common reduplicative patterns for diminutive marking are
across other Creoles (which I don't have any clue about).<br>
<br>
As for the second point under discussion (whether on not diminutives
can express only size): <br>
Synchronically, diminutives express evaluation of quantity (SMALL)
and quality (BAD or GOOD) and, as Paul points out, the two
components are not easy to tell apart when analysing the semantics
of a diminutive affix. However, as Östen's example suggests, it
happens that the use of a diminutive marker gets restricted to the
encoding of size variation only. I have the impression that this is
very likely to happen in languages with several different diminutive
(and possibly augmentative) affixes, where the different markers
show different distributional properties in terms of the meanings
encoded. The Bantu languages are an excellent illustration in this
respect as the examples from Yeyi show. Bantu languages (and other
Niger-Congo languages with rich noun class systems as the Atlantic
languages) often have several noun classes which are used to encode
evaluative (diminutive and augmentative) meanings. Interestingly,
besides the range of uses pointed out by Frank with respect to Yeyi,
different diminutive classes in one language may specialize in the
encoding of different size nuances (small vs. tiny) as in the
example below from Lega, where class 12 expresses small size and
class 19 tiny size: <br>
<br>
(7.3) Lega (Bantu) (Botne, 2003, p.430)<br>
<br>
(a) mu-ntu<br>
cl1-person<br>
“person”<br>
(b) <b>ka</b>-ntu<br>
<b>cl12</b>-person<br>
“small person”<br>
(c)<b> si̹</b>-ntu<br>
<b>cl19</b>-person<br>
“tiny person”<br>
<br>
Similarly, in those Bantu languages which have both diminutive noun
classes and diminutive suffixes, the two can co-occur on the same
noun to express tiny size, as in the examples from Venda given
below. Here the noun class 7 is used (among other things) to derive
diminutive nouns; when the diminutive noun class and the diminutive
suffix co-occur, the resulting meaning is 'tiny size'ː<br>
<br>
(7.13) Diminutive marking in Venda (Bantu) (Poulos, 1990, p.88)<br>
<br>
(a) tshi-kali<br>
<b>cl7-</b>clay.pot<br>
“small clay pot”<br>
(b) tshi-kal-<b>ana</b><br>
<b>cl7-</b>clay.pot.<b>DIM</b><br>
“very small clay pot”<br>
<br>
No endearing or derogatory meanings are implied in such cases.<br>
<br>
References<br>
Botne, R. (2003). Lega (Beya dialect) (d25). In D. Nurse & G.
Philippson (Eds.), The Bantu languages (pp. 422–449). London:
Routledge.<br>
Jurafsky, D. (1996). Universal tendencies in the semantics of the
diminutive. Language,<br>
72, 533–578.<br>
Poulos, G. (1990). A linguistic analysis of Venda. Pretoria: Via
Afrika Limited.<br>
<br>
Best wishes,<br>
Francesca Di Garbo (Stockholm University)<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2013-03-04 00:19, Frank Seidel
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:CAA_6gUD4rgLQOU4F7dB+QfRyANmhMcDfnZXmZvSni8trbP+Eag@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">Dear Scott,<br>
<br>
while it has nothing to do with reduplication there are several
constructions in Yeyi (Bantu, Niger-Congo) which pay significant
attention to the size and shape of things. Nominal derivation
covers, among other things, the semantics of hugeness, elongated
items, smallness, and stuntedness. It is interesting to note for
the discussion here, that derived elongated items in Yeyi often
carry a connotation of thinness (which arguably can be viewed as a
form of diminutive) and in terms of affective meaning items thusly
derived are accompanied by a a specialized pejorative connotation
of raggedness or inadequacy (which goes counter to the general
assumption that all diminutive semantics go along with positive
affective semantics of endearment etc.). For Yeyi this stands in
contrast with the semantics of smallness accomplished by another
derivative formation, whose primary semantic core is just that
smallness (or youth). There are other interesting corelations of
stuntedness and derogative, while on the other hand thickness or
bulbousness are not accompanied or coupled with positive affective
meaning. <br>
<br>
Smallness:<br>
<br>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0" cellpadding="0"
cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:34.7pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="46">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="">(222)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:381.55pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="509">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style="">mu-pundi<sub>I</sub> </span></b><span
style="">(<b style="">ba-</b>) ‘child’ > <b
style="">ka-pundi<sub>I</sub></b> (<b style="">tu-</b>)
‘baby, toddler’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:34.7pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="46">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:381.55pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="509">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style="">mu-shoro<sub>iii</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">mi-</b>) ‘head’ > <b
style="">ka-shoro<sub>iii</sub></b> (<b style="">tu-</b>)
‘small head’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:34.7pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="46">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:381.55pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="509">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style="">li-ziba<sub>I</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">ma-</b>) ‘pool of water,
waterhole’ > <b style="">ka-ziba<sub>I</sub></b> (<b
style="">tu-</b>) ‘small pool of water’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="DissTextaftertable"><span style="">The
diminutive semantics of class 11 are not as general as the
above and refer to
thinness. This derivation often implies that the item at issue
is inadequate or
raggedy.</span></p>
<div align="center">
<table style="width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse"
width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:7.48%;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="7%">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><span
style="">(223)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:92.52%;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="92%">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span lang="DE">mu-tshwa<sub>II</sub></span></b><span
lang="DE"> (<b style="">mi-</b>) ‘rope’ > <b
style="">ru-thswa<sub>II</sub></b> (<b style="">zun-</b>)
‘thin rope’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:7.48%;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="7%">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span lang="DE"> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:92.52%;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="92%">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style="">mu-ndali<sub>II</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">mi-</b>) ‘maize’ > <b
style="">ru-ndali<sub>II</sub></b> (<b style="">zun-</b>)
‘thin plant of maize, long thin cone of maize’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:7.48%;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="7%">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:92.52%;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="92%">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style="">mu-kurukazi<sub>II</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">ba-</b>) ‘old woman’ > <b
style="">ru-kurukazi<sub>II</sub></b> (<b style="">zun-</b>)
‘thin (and possibly raggedy) old woman’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br>
Stunted shape and/or derogative:<br>
<br>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0" cellpadding="0"
cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:33.95pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="45">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><span
style="">(227)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:357.25pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="476">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style="">mu-kazi<sub>iii</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">ba-</b>) ‘woman’ > <b
style="">shi-kazi<sub>iii</sub></b> (<b style="">zi-</b>)
‘’bitch’ (fig.)’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:33.95pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="45">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:357.25pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="476">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style="">lu-wuyu<sub>iii</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">ma-</b>) ‘baobab’ > <b
style="">shu-wuyu<sub>iii</sub></b> (zu-) ‘short and
thick baobab’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
Bigness/Thickness:<br>
<br>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0" cellpadding="0"
cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:34.7pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="46">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><span
style="">(225)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:289.5pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="386">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
lang="DE">mu-ne<sub>II</sub></span></b><span
lang="DE"> (<b style="">mi-</b>) ‘finger’ > <b
style="">li-ne<sub>II</sub></b> (<b style="">ma-</b>)
‘big/thick finger’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:34.7pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="46">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
lang="DE"> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:289.5pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="386">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style="">shi-pata<sub>II</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">zi-</b>) ‘fruit’ > <b
style="">li-pata<sub>II</sub></b> (<b style="">ma-</b>)
‘big/thick fruit’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:34.7pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="46">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:289.5pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="386">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b style=""><span
lang="DE">mu-ti<sub>II</sub> </span></b><span
lang="DE">(<b style="">mi-</b>) ‘tree’ > <b
style="">li.ti<sub>II</sub></b> (<b style="">ma-</b>)
‘big tree’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
Hugeness/Bulbousness:<br>
<div align="center">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:33.95pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="45">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><span
style="">(226)</span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style="">shi-pata<sub>II</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">zi-</b>) ‘fruit’ > <b
style="">mu-pata<sub>II</sub></b> (<b style="">mi-</b>)
‘huge fruit’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:33.95pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="45">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style="">ì-tàfúrè<sub>exf</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">zi-</b>) ‘table’ > <b
style="">mù-tàfúrè<sub>exf</sub></b> (<b style="">mi-</b>)
‘huge table’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:33.95pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="45">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span lang="DE">li-yi<sub>II</sub></span></b><span
lang="DE"> (<b style="">ma-</b>) ‘egg’ > <b
style="">mu-yi<sub>II</sub></b> (<b style="">mi-</b>)
‘huge egg’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:33.95pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="45">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span lang="DE"> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style="">lu-dzundzo<sub>I</sub></span></b><span
style=""> (<b style="">ma-</b>) ‘cloud’ > <b
style="">mu-dzundzo<sub>I</sub></b> <b style="">(mi-)</b>
‘1. huge cloud 2. grey overcast sky’ </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:33.95pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="45">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style="">u-nyanda<sub>I</sub> </span></b><span
style="">(<b style="">ba-</b>) ‘barbelfish’ ><b
style=""> mu-nyanda<sub>I</sub></b> (<b style="">mi-</b>)
‘huge/bulbous barbelfish’)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:33.95pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="45">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span style=""> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573">
<p class="DissText" style="line-height:normal"><b
style=""><span lang="DE">i-nshwi<sub>II</sub></span></b><span
lang="DE"> <b style="">(zin-)</b> ‘fish’ > <b
style="">mu-nshwi<sub>II</sub></b> <b style="">(mi-)</b>
‘huge/bulbous fish’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br>
<div align="center">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573">
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="width:429.6pt;padding:1.4pt 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt"
valign="top" width="573"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="gmail_quote">
Hoping that you find this usefull, despite the fact that
reduplication does not factor here.<br>
<br>
Examples are from <br>
Seidel, Frank. 2008. A Grammar of Yeyi. A Bantu Language of
Southern Africa. Koeln: Koeppe Verlag.<br>
<br>
Kind regards,<br>
<br>
Frank<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Frank Seidel, Ph.D.<br>
University of Florida<br>
Center for African Studies at the University of Florida<br>
427 Grinter Hall - PO Box 115560<br>
Gainesville, FL 32611-5560<br>
Tel: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:352.392.2183"
value="+13523922183" target="_blank">352.392.2183</a><br>
Fax: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:352.392.2435"
value="+13523922435" target="_blank">352.392.2435</a><br>
<br>
Sun, Mar 3, 2013 at 4:57 PM, Matthew Dryer <span dir="ltr"><<a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:dryer@buffalo.edu"
target="_blank">dryer@buffalo.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Walman, a Papuan language, is similar to what Östen says about
Russian. While the diminutive most typically conveys both
small size and endearment, it can also be used only to express
endearment or only to express small size.<span><font
color="#888888"><br>
<br>
Matthew</font></span>
<div>
<div><br>
<br>
On 3/3/13 10:41 PM, Östen Dahl wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
I am not sure if Paul's claim about the non-existence of
diminutive constructions that refer only to small size
implies that no diminutive could ever be used referring
only to size, but at least in Russian there are
diminutives that seem fairly free of evaluative or
expressive meaning. For instance, "stol-ik" does not
seem to mean anything but "small table":<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA"
target="_blank">http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA</a><br>
<br>
- östen<br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: Discussion List for ALT [mailto:<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"
target="_blank">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>]
On Behalf Of Paul Hopper<br>
Sent: den 3 mars 2013 22:14<br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG"
target="_blank">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a><br>
Subject: Re: Reduplication<br>
<br>
Dear Alex, David and All,<br>
<br>
Thanks, Alex, for sharing this most interesting article.
I notice that in fact even in the examples you cite,
smallness is not present as an undiluted feature of
reduplication--"distribution" or "fragmentation" is also
involved, and sometimes also collectivity and plurality,
which is (and you point this out also) characteristic of
the meaning of reduplication in other Austronesian
languages. You note a kind of paradox<br>
here: "distribution" is expansive, but diminution is
contractive:<br>
<br>
"On touche ici du doigt un paradoxe de la réduplication
nominale. D'un côté, l'effet d'éclatement suggère une
croissance en étendue, comme si fragmenter une entité
revenait à la multiplier, à la distribuer sur un grand
nombre d'occurrences – d'où les valeurs plurielles et
collectives.<br>
Mais par ailleurs, ce même processus de fragmentation
revient à représenter la notion N sous une forme
réduite, comme s'il s'agissait, cette fois-ci, de la
diviser – d'où les valeurs diminutives attestées en
mwotlap, comme dans d'autres langues austronésiennes."
(from Alex François' article)<br>
<br>
I'm not convinced that we have examples of a diminutive
construction that refers only to small size, but my
confidence is wavering a little.<br>
<br>
- Paul<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
hello,<br>
<br>
Reduplication is common in Austronesian languages,
with a variety of<br>
meanings.<br>
One of these meanings (albeit a rare one, and
non-productive) is<br>
diminutive.<br>
<br>
e.g. West Tarangan (Maluku, Indonesia): *seldi*
'shrimp' =><br>
*sel**sel**di*'small shrimp' (Nivens 1993: 384)<br>
<br>
Manam (Oceanic, PNG): *moata* 'snake' =>
*moata-moata* 'worm'<br>
(Lichtenberk 1983: 611)<br>
<br>
Mwotlap (Oceanic, Vanuatu): *Ä“y* 'lobster'
=> *Ä“y**Ä“y*<br>
'shrimp'<br>
(François 2004: 181)<br>
*qol* 'surgeonfish, larger
variety' =><br>
*qolqol*'surgeonfish, smaller variety'<br>
<br>
I mentioned these examples in my discussion of
reduplication and its<br>
polysemy in the language Mwotlap.<br>
Reduplication is there only fully productive for verbs
and adjectives;<br>
for nouns, it is a process of lexical derivation,
which only affects<br>
some lexemes.<br>
Its semantics include (on nouns) diminutive,
qualitative, plural, and<br>
(on<br>
verbs) pluractional, distributive, intensive, atelic,
intensional,<br>
infinitive, etc. I tentatively proposed the notion of
"fragmentation"<br>
as a way to capture reduplication's core underlying
meaning in this<br>
language.<br>
<br>
François, Alexandre. 2004. La réduplication en
mwotlap : les<br>
paradoxes du<br>
fractionnement<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://alex.francois.free.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2004_Reduplication_Mwotlap.pdf"
target="_blank">http://alex.francois.free.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2004_Reduplication_Mwotlap.pdf</a>>.<br>
In Elizabeth Zeitoun (ed.), *Les langues<br>
austronésiennes<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://fdl.univ-lemans.fr/fr/liste-des-numeros/n23_24.html"
target="_blank">http://fdl.univ-lemans.fr/fr/liste-des-numeros/n23_24.html</a>>.<br>
*Special issue of *Faits de langues* n°24: 177-195.<br>
<br>
Incidentally, Mwotlap does not use reduplication for
hypocoristic<br>
functions. The diminutive meaning is thus here
"pure", i.e. not<br>
contaminated by any affective meaning such as
expressivity, endearment<br>
or familiarity — a situation Paul suggested should
be “difficult,<br>
perhaps impossible†to find.<br>
<br>
best,<br>
Alex<br>
<br>
********<br>
<br>
2013/3/3 Anvita Abbi<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:anvitaabbi@gmail.com" target="_blank">anvitaabbi@gmail.com</a>><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Dear Scott,<br>
Base reduplication for diminutives or for
approximation of taste and<br>
color adjectives is common in most of the Indo-Aryan
languages , e.g.<br>
*hari '*green'* *but *hari hari *'greenish' or
*karwa *'bitter' but<br>
*karwa karwa *'somewhat bitter' in Hindi.<br>
Munda languages such as Kharia also have similar
structures, e.g.<br>
*goej* 'dead' but *goej goej* 'dead-like'.<br>
Kurux, a North Dravidian language shares the
structure with Hindi<br>
because of contact with IA languages.<br>
Austroasiatic languages such as Khasi is very rich
in expressive<br>
morphology to indicate diminutive meaning but the
non reduplicated<br>
part can not be considered a base as it has no
meaning of its own.<br>
For details see *Reduplication in South Asian
languages. An areal,<br>
typological and historical study *(1991) by Anvita
Abbi.. Allied<br>
Publishers.<br>
Anvita<br>
<br>
<br>
On Sun, Mar 3, 2013 at 10:02 AM, Scott T. Shell<<a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:ay2493@wayne.edu" target="_blank">ay2493@wayne.edu</a>><br>
wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Hello all,<br>
<br>
I'm looking for languages that reduplicate base
forms to create<br>
diminutives.<br>
<br>
An example from Bamyili Creole:<br>
<br>
bragbrag 'froggy' pəpəp
'puppy'<br>
daŋgidaŋgi 'donkey' daldal
'dollie'<br>
<br>
Can anyone else help add to this list? It is
important that the<br>
reduplication process carries no grammatical
information. Also, I<br>
must point out that I am not looking for partial
base reduplication.<br>
It must be the entire base.<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Scott T. Shell<br>
Graduate Student, Wayne State University<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
Prof. Anvita Abbi<br>
Centre for Linguistics<br>
School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies
Jawaharlal Nehru<br>
University New Delhi 110067 <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.andamanese.net" target="_blank">www.andamanese.net</a><br>
President: Linguistic Society of India<br>
URL:<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.jnu.ac.in/FacultyStaff/ShowProfile.asp?SendUserName=anvita"
target="_blank">http://www.jnu.ac.in/FacultyStaff/ShowProfile.asp?SendUserName=anvita</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
--<br>
Alex François<br>
LACITO-CNRS<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/index_en.htm"
target="_blank">http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/index_en.htm</a>>,
France;<br>
Australian National<br>
University<<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://chl.anu.edu.au/disciplines/linguistics/index.php"
target="_blank">http://chl.anu.edu.au/disciplines/linguistics/index.php</a>>,<br>
Canberra<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://alex.francois.free.fr" target="_blank">http://alex.francois.free.fr</a><br>
<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
--<br>
Paul J. Hopper,<br>
Paul Mellon Distinguished Professor of Humanities
Emeritus, Dietrich College of Humanities and Social
Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
15213, Tel. <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="tel:412-683-1109" value="+14126831109"
target="_blank">412-683-1109</a>, Fax <a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="tel:412-268-7989"
value="+14122687989" target="_blank">412-268-7989</a>.<br>
<br>
Adjunct Professor of Linguistics,<br>
Department of Linguistics,<br>
University of Pittsburgh.<br>
<br>
Senior External Fellow,<br>
School of Linguistics and Literature,<br>
Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS),
Freiburg i.Br., Germany<br>
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