<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=Windows-1252">
</head>
<body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; ">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; ">Dear Raheleh,</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; "><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; ">One mechanism might be language contact. The Gurindji ergative marker became a nominative marker as a result of
contact with Kriol in the formation of </span>Gurindji Kriol <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; ">which is a mixed language. This change had an intermediate stage whereby Gurindji Kriol was originally an optional
ergative language and then became a (optional) marked nominative language (as the ergative marker extended to subjects of transitive clauses).</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; "><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; ">
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 36px; text-indent: -36px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="Calibri">Meakins, Felicity. 2009. The case of the shifty ergative marker: A pragmatic shift in the ergative marker in one Australian mixed language. In Jóhanna Barddal & Shobhana Chelliah (eds.), <i>The Role of Semantics
and Pragmatics in the Development of Case.</i> Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 59-91.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 36px; text-indent: -36px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="Calibri">---. to appear. From absolutely optional to only nominally ergative: The life cycle of the Gurindji Kriol ergative suffix. In Nino Amiridze, Peter Arkadiev & Francesco Gardani (eds.), <i>Borrowed Morphology</i>.
Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 36px; text-indent: -36px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; ">
<font class="Apple-style-span" face="Calibri">Meakins, Felicity & Carmel O'Shannessy. 2010. Ordering arguments about: Word order and discourse motivations in the development and use of the ergative marker in two Australian mixed languages. <i>Lingua </i>120.7:
1693–713.</font></p>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; "><br>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium; ">Felicity</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; ">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">
<span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; ">_________________________________________</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">
<span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">FELICITY MEAKINS </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> |</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> ARC
Research Fellow</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">
<span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">Linguistics</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> | SLCCS</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> |
University of Queensland | </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">Brisbane QLD 4072 | AUSTRALIA</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">RM
517</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> | Gordon Greenwood Bldg (32)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> | </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Wingdings 2'; color: gray; ">'</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> +61 7 3365 2877 | </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Wingdings 2'; color: gray; ">'</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; "><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">+61
411 404 546 </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">| </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Wingdings 2'; color: gray; ">7</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> +61
7 3365 6799 | </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: rgb(77, 77, 77); ">*</span><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> <a href="mailto:f.meakins@uq.edu.au" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; ">f.meakins@uq.edu.au</a></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "> | </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">
<span style="font-size: 8pt; color: gray; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; ">web www.slccs.uq.edu.au//index.html?page=127733&pid=124851</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>