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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear all,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">One thing that worries me about the recent
“universal
grammar” discussion on this list is that it is mostly led by
people who are at
least half a generation older than ego (and I am not particularly
young). So
which of the following options might explain this pattern if it is
not a mere coincidence?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(1) Younger typologists do not dare to make any
statements if
it comes to the really important and difficult issues in the
field.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(2) The question of universal grammar has
recently become
quite uninteresting (I do not say “solved” or “irrelevant”, but
“uninteresting”).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(3) Younger people are too busy with other
stuff (or too
slow in making their postings).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(4) ???</p>
<br>
I can only speak for myself. For me, it is (2) that applies.
This is not because I am easily bored by linguistic questions. I
find research
in universals very interesting and the same holds - even more so -
for the
study of grammar. It is just that my experience tells me (maybe my
experience
is wrong, but it is mostly what I have learned from older
typologists' work) that universals in grammatical structures are an
unlikely combination
(not an impossible one!) if there are not obvious functional
motivations for them, about as unlikely as polysynthesis is in
creole
languages. Of course, it may be thrilling to study polysynthesis in
creole
languages just because it is unlikely to occur, I would approve of
this as an
exciting - if difficult - undertaking, which might be unrewarding in
results,
because the most interesting phenomena of polysynthesis are most
likely to be
found somewhere else. If somebody is interested in universals of
human language
and communication, I would recommend him/her to start first of all
for instance
with discourse phenomena, historical processes, language acquisition
(e.g.,
Tomasello’s intention-reading and pattern-finding), or why not the
work of
human ethologists such as I. Eibl-Eibelsfeld who investigated such
issues as
whether it is true that people in all cultures rise their eyebrows
and smile if
they see somebody they know (which is very much as relevant for
communication
as grammar, and who knows: perhaps such things are innate in humans,
at least
this is more likely than the innateness of syntactic constituents).
<br>
And, as far as
particular aspects of grammar are concerned there is a great many
other exciting
issues to consider. (But I would not try to argue that issues that I
find less promising
to pursue as a researcher myself are less scientific than those I am
interested
in.) <br>
Yes, "Edge" overgeneralizes a bit, Frans is certainly right that not
all claims for universals in grammar have been proven wrong.
<p class="MsoNormal">Best wishes</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Bernhard<br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">PS: By the way other attested numeral bases
Frans chose not to mention are 27 (Nalca, Una, Yale), 23 (Kobon)
and 25 (Eipo).<br>
PPS: Please, do not understand my posting as a defense of
Planck's Cynical View of Scientific Change.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
</p>
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