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<div>In Chinese there are at least three:</div>


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<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:28.799999237060547px; text-align:left; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); display:inline!important; float:none">膻


 (<strong style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:24px; text-align:left; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">羶</strong>) shān


 'smell like that of mutton'</span>


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<div style="text-align:left"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height:28px">腥 xīng 'smell like that of fish'</span></div>


<div style="text-align:left"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height:28px"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:28.799999237060547px; text-align:left; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">臊


 sāo 'smell like that of urine or bad body odor'</span></span></div>


<div style="text-align:left"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height:28px"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:28.799999237060547px; text-align:left; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><br>


</span></span></div>


<div style="text-align:left"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height:28px"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:28.799999237060547px; text-align:left; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">And


 a combined expression, </span></span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:24px; text-align:left; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">腥臊羶香


 xīng sāo shān xiāng, that refers to the smell of chicken, dog, mutton, and beef respectively.</span></div>


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</span></div>


<div style="text-align:left"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:24px; text-align:left; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Randy</span></div>


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<div><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); background-color:white"><b>Prof. Randy J. LaPolla, PhD FAHA</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>（</span><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); background-color:white; font-size:13px"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Song">罗仁地</font></span><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); background-color:white">）|


 Head, Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies | Nanyang Technological University</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34)"><br>


<span style="background-color:white">HSS-03-80, 14 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637332</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px"><span style="background-color:white"> | </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34)"><span style="background-color:white">Tel:


 (65) 6592-1825 GMT+8h | Fax: (65) 6795-6525 | <a href="http://sino-tibetan.net/rjlapolla/">


http://sino-tibetan.net/rjlapolla/</a></span></span></span></div>


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<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:12px">“Impressive as the progress has been, science has by no means worked itself out of a job. It is soberly true that science has, to date, succeeded in solving a bewildering number of relatively easy problems,


 whereas the hard problems, and the ones with perhaps promise most for man’s future, lie ahead.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse:separate; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Verdana; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:2; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px"></span></div>


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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:12px"><span>  </span>“We must, therefore, stop thinking of science in terms of its spectacular successes in solving problems of simplicity. This means, among other things, that we must stop thinking of science


 in terms of gadgetry.”<span>  </span>Warren Weaver, “Science and complexity”, E:CO 6.3 (2004): 65-74, p. 73.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse:separate; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Verdana; font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; line-height:normal; orphans:2; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; widows:2; word-spacing:0px">


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<div>On Mar 18, 2014, at 8:42 PM, Steffen Haurholm-Larsen wrote:</div>


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<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF">Dear subscribers,<br>


<br>


It has been observed that such concepts as SEE, HEAR, TOUCH, TASTE and SMELL are in some languages encoded together in just a couple of verbs while other languages have more (see Åke Viberg's "Verbs of Perception" in


<i>Language Typology and Universals: An International Handbook </i>(2001)). Furthermore, there may be a distinction between 'experience' and 'source' and for the latter, the source may be included in a peripheral NP, e.g. 'my hands smell


<u>of fish</u>'. <br>


    But how common is it for the source NP to be lexically encoded in the verb? In Garifuna, an Arawak language spoken in Central America traditionally by a fishing people, there are two verbs for the emission of (bad) smell:


<i>hingi</i>- 'stink' and <i>hase</i>- 'smell of fish'. Is it common for languages to encode culturally salient NP smell sources (or other source NPs) into verbs of perception?<br>


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Best,<br>


<br>


Steffen Haurholm-Larsen<br>


Universität Bern </div>


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