<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:garamond,serif;font-size:large">Dear All,<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:garamond,serif;font-size:large">South Asian languages abound in expressive morphology that represent five senses of perception [called <i>panchendriya</i> in Sanskrit]<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">i.e., of
smell, sight, touch, hearing and taste. </span>
. Hence, constructions such as the following are very common across all languages especially those belonging to Tibeto-Burman.<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:garamond,serif;font-size:large">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Tamil: <i>g</i>ә</span><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">m
g</span></i><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">ә</span><i><span style="font-family:"SILManuscript IPA93""><span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">m</span></i></font><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> ‘aroma’ (smell) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Mizo: <i style>ol</i></span><i style><span style="font-family:"SILManuscript IPA93"">E</span></i><i style><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">p ol</span></i><i style><span style="font-family:"SILManuscript IPA93"">E</span></i><i style><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">p</span></i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> ‘sticky’ (touch)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Meitei: <font size="4"><i>ts</i>ә</font></span><font size="4"><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">nap
ts</span></i><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">ә</span><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">nap</span></i></font><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> ‘sticky’ (touch)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Hindi <font size="4">: <i>c</i>ә</font></span><font size="4"><i><span style="font-family:"SILManuscript IPA93""><span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">m
c</span></i><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">ә</span><i><span style="font-family:"SILManuscript IPA93""><span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">m</span></i></font><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> ‘glittering’ (sight)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">In many
South Asian languages the expressive morpheme is a root form and nouns and
verbs can be formed from it, e.g. Hindi </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12pt"><font size="4"><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">c</span></i><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">ә</span><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">m </span></i><i><span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">c</span></span></i><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">ә</span><i><span style="font-family:"SILManuscript IPA93""><span></span></span></i><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">m-aya<span> </span>c</span></i><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">ә</span><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">m c</span></i><span style="line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">ә</span><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">m-ah</span></i></font><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><font size="4">әʈ </font><br>
</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12pt"><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> '</span></i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">gl</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">itter-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">pst<span style> </span>‘</span>glittered’<i style> </i>(V)<i style><span style> </span></i>glitter-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">nmlz<span style> </span></span>‘glitter’
(N) </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">(<i>Reduplication in South Asian languages: An Areal, Typological and Historical Study</i>. 1991)<br>
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">In Present Great Andamanese there are more than 18 words for smell. The ambivalence of noun and verb allows one to use all in verb forms. There is no generic name for the smell of fish as each fish emits different smell and hence distinct word. Thus: /<i>etlapharom/ </i>'smell of Bam fish' (Bam is a local fish) but /<i>meritutceleoi</i>/ 'smell of parrot fish' etc. Various kinds of stones, corals and shells have different names for the smell they emit. (<i>Dictionary of teh Great Andamanese Language. 2012.</i> Ratna Sagar. Delhi)<br>
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Anvita Abbi<br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:12pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><br>
</span></p>
</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Mar 18, 2014 at 6:12 PM, Steffen Haurholm-Larsen <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:steffen.haurholm-larsen@isw.unibe.ch" target="_blank">steffen.haurholm-larsen@isw.unibe.ch</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
Dear subscribers,<br>
<br>
It has been observed that such concepts as SEE, HEAR, TOUCH, TASTE
and SMELL are in some languages encoded together in just a couple of
verbs while other languages have more (see Åke Viberg's "Verbs of
Perception" in <i>Language Typology and Universals: An
International Handbook </i>(2001)). Furthermore, there may be a
distinction between 'experience' and 'source' and for the latter,
the source may be included in a peripheral NP, e.g. 'my hands smell
<u>of fish</u>'. <br>
But how common is it for the source NP to be lexically encoded
in the verb? In Garifuna, an Arawak language spoken in Central
America traditionally by a fishing people, there are two verbs for
the emission of (bad) smell: <i>hingi</i>- 'stink' and <i>hase</i>-
'smell of fish'. Is it common for languages to encode culturally
salient NP smell sources (or other source NPs) into verbs of
perception?<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
<br>
Steffen Haurholm-Larsen<br>
Universität Bern
</div>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div>Prof. Anvita Abbi</div>
<div>Centre for Linguistics</div>
<div>School of Language, Literature and Culture Studies</div>
<div>Jawaharlal Nehru University</div>
<div>New Delhi 110067</div>
<div><a href="http://www.andamanese.net/" target="_blank">www.andamanese.net</a></div>
<div>President: Linguistic Society of India<br>URL: <a href="http://www.jnu.ac.in/FacultyStaff/ShowProfile.asp?SendUserName=anvita" target="_blank">http://www.jnu.ac.in/FacultyStaff/ShowProfile.asp?SendUserName=anvita</a><br>
<br><br><br></div>
</div>