<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Dear Francesco,<div><br></div><div>Malagasy has following examples:</div><div><br></div><div>(1) m-i-lomano 'swim'</div><div> AV.PRES-VM-swim</div><div><br></div><div>In (1) -om- in the stem lomano is an obsolete actor voice (active voice) infix.</div><div>In the present days, the infix is no longer meaningful nor productive.</div><div>Instead you need a actor voice (active voice) and present tense prefix m-</div><div>plus a valency prefix like i- to make a verbal stem into an actor voice (active</div><div>voice) form.</div><div><br></div><div>(2) m-i-homehy 'laugh'</div><div> AV.PRES-VM-laugh</div><div><br></div><div>(2) has the same obsolete infix -om-.</div><div><br></div><div>(3) m-i-hinana 'eat'</div><div> AV.PRES-VM-eat</div><div><br></div><div>(3) has an obsolete patient voice (passive voice) infix -in- for some reason,</div><div>but it is an actor voice (active voice) form. The present-day patient voice</div><div>(passive voice) form is han-ina (eat-PV).</div><div><br></div><div>The following idiomatic expression seems to use a seemingly actor voice</div><div>(active voice) form without the prefixes but only with the obsolete infix.</div><div><br></div><div>(4) m-a-zoto-a h<-om->ana 'bonne appetit, lit. be diligent to eat'</div><div> AV.PRES-VM-be.diligent-IMPER eat<-AV->eat</div><div><br></div><div>But you cannot use the form homana as the main verb.</div><div>You need to use mihinana (3) instead.</div><div><br></div><div>Best wishes,</div><div><br></div><div>Nobukatsu Minoura</div><div>Assoc. Professor</div><div>Institute of Global Studies</div><div>Tokyo University of Foreign Studies</div><div><a href="mailto:minoura@tufs.ac.jp">minoura@tufs.ac.jp</a></div><div><br><div><div>2014/03/25 19:37、Gardani, Francesco <<a href="mailto:Francesco.Gardani@WU.AC.AT">Francesco.Gardani@WU.AC.AT</a>> のメール：</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;"><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';"> </span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">Some time ago I wrote a paper on affix pleonasm in the languages of Europe, covering instances such as the following ones:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">(1) dialectal English<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>musician-er<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>for<i>musician</i>;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus';"> </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">(2) Latin<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>etern-al</i>(<i>-is</i>)<i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>‘eternal’ instead of<i>etern</i>(<i>-us</i>) (<i>-al<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>realizes the wordclass ‘adjective’ more explicitly);<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus';"> </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">(3) Yucatec Maya<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>alcanzar-t-ik<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>[achieve-TRR-INCMPL] (the transitivizing suffix -<i>t<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>applies to loanverbs that in the source language are already transitive, in our case Spanish<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>alcanzar<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>‘to reach’).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">For more examples, please find enclosed in this email the following overview paper: Gardani, Francesco. (2015 estimated). Affix pleonasm. In Peter Müller, Ingeborg Ohnheiser, Susan Olsen & Franz Rainer (eds),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Word Formation in the European languages</i>. Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science. Berlin: de Gruyter.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus';"> </span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">What I want to do now is to expand the database beyond the languages of Europe. To this end, I would kindly ask for your help. If you know of any instances of affix pleonasm (or you think they could be such), I would appreciate it a lot if you'd share your data (possibly also the references) with me.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';"> </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">Thank you in advance for your help and best regards<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus';"> </span></div></div><div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus';">Francesco Gardani<o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><span><hsk-art.32-gardani.pdf></span></div></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>