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</head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><div style="font-family: 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; ">Dear Franceso,</div><div style="font-family: 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; "><br></div><div style="font-family: 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; "> In addition to my posting of 2 April (08:33, Japanese time), I should add the following.</div><div style="font-family: 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; "><br></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> In the Warrongo language of northeast Australia, nouns generally do not make a number distinction. For example <i>bama can </i>mean 'a man' and 'men'.</font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> However, there is at least one exception.</font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> The noun </font><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><i>galbin </i>seems to mean 'a child' and 'children'.</font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> In addition, we have <i>galbiri </i>'children'. This word seems to imply 'many children'.</font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> In this context, the paragraph from pp. 230-231 of the </font><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif">following book is relevant.</font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif">Tsunoda, Tasaku, 2011. A grammar of Warrongo. (Mouton Grammar Library 43). Berlin and New York: De Gruyter Mouton.</font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> The paragraph is cited below.</font></div><div><br></div><div>=============================================================================================</div><div>
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<p class="Paragraphindented"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">In Warrongo, the only unequivocal plural form of any noun is <i>galbiri </i>‘children’. In Japanese, nouns
generally do not make a number distinction, e.g.
<i>gakusee </i>‘a student, students’. But
the suffix <i>-domo </i>or the suffix <i>-tati</i>,<i> </i>both ‘plural’, can be added to nouns with human referents, e.g. <i>gakusee-domo </i>and
<i>gakusee-tati </i>‘student-plural’, i.e.
‘students’. Now, compare <i>ko </i>‘a child,
children’, <i>ko-domo </i>‘a child,
children’, and <i>ko-domo-tati </i>‘children’
(not ‘a child’). This suggests that <i>-domo
</i>in <i>ko-domo </i>‘a child, children’ no
longer functions as a plural affix, and another
plural suffix (<i>-tati</i>) is added to
mark plurality. That is, etymologically <i>ko-domo-tati
</i>‘children’ contains two plural suffixes. No doubt the double plural-marking
in <i>child-r-en </i>of English followed the
same process. All these suggest the following possibility: if a given language
has nouns with plural marking, they will include the noun that refers to
‘child’. And if a given language has nouns with double plural-marking, they
will include the noun that refers to ‘child’.<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<!--EndFragment--></div><div>=============================================================================================</div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style="font-family: 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; "><div>-- </div><div>Tasaku Tsunoda</div><div style="font-size: 20px; "><br></div></div></div><span id="OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 20px; "><div style="font-family:ÇlÇr ÇoÉSÉVÉbÉN; font-size:10pt; text-align:left; color:black; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt"><span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span> "Gardani, Francesco" <<a href="mailto:Francesco.Gardani@WU.AC.AT">Francesco.Gardani@WU.AC.AT</a>><br><span style="font-weight:bold">Reply-To: </span> "Gardani, Francesco" <<a href="mailto:Francesco.Gardani@WU.AC.AT">Francesco.Gardani@WU.AC.AT</a>><br><span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span> 2014年3月25日火曜日 19:37<br><span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span> <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a>><br><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span> affix pleonasm crosslinguistically<br></div><div><br></div><div xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">Dear colleagues, <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">Some time ago I wrote a paper on affix pleonasm in the languages of Europe, covering instances such as the following ones:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">(1) dialectal English
<i>musician-er </i>for <i>musician</i>;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">(2) Latin
<i>etern-al</i>(<i>-is</i>)<i> </i>‘eternal’ instead of <i>etern</i>(<i>-us</i>) (<i>-al
</i>realizes the wordclass ‘adjective’ more explicitly);<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">(3) Yucatec Maya
<i>alcanzar-t-ik </i>[achieve-TRR-INCMPL] (the transitivizing suffix -<i>t </i>applies to loanverbs that in the source language are already transitive, in our case Spanish
<i>alcanzar </i>‘to reach’).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">For more examples, please find enclosed in this email the following overview paper: Gardani, Francesco. (2015 estimated). Affix pleonasm. In Peter Müller, Ingeborg Ohnheiser, Susan Olsen & Franz
Rainer (eds), <i>Word Formation in the European languages</i>. Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science. Berlin: de Gruyter.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">What I want to do now is to expand the database beyond the languages of Europe. To this end, I would kindly ask for your help. If you know of any instances of affix pleonasm (or you think they could
be such), I would appreciate it a lot if you'd share your data (possibly also the references) with me.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">Thank you in advance for your help and best regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; "><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Gentium Plus'; ">Francesco Gardani<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></span></body></html>