<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
span.EmailStyle18
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:blue;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;
text-decoration:none none;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>In many Philippine languages many intransitive non-volitional verbs are causative in a transitive frame with no morphological derivation. Then there is a productive morphological causative for volitional intransitives, and transitives. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Would you like references?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Tom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center id=stopSpelling></span></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2014 08:53:08 -0400<br>From: <a href="mailto:chao.li@AYA.YALE.EDU">chao.li@AYA.YALE.EDU</a><br>Subject: Lexical Causatives Through Conversion AND Productive Morphological Causatives<br>To: <a href="mailto:LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Dear Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>I was wondering whether anyone was aware of a language that has <b>not only</b> a number of (say, at least 10) lexical causatives formed through conversion (i.e. the lexical causative has exactly the same form as a non-causative adjective or intransitive verb) <b>but also</b> a productive process of forming morphological causatives through the addition of an affix to the base (e.g. Japanese causative suffix -<i>(s)ase</i>). With respect to lexical causatives through conversion, English has a number of examples (see Levin 1993: 244-245; <i>English Verb Classes and Alternations</i>):<br><br>(1) </span>abate, alter, blast, blunt, blur, burn, burst, capsize, change, chill, clear, clean, clog, close, collapse, compress, condense, contract, cool, corrode, crumble, decompose, decrease, deflate, defrost, degrade, dim, diminish, dissolve, distend, double, drain, dry, dull, empty, even, explode, freeze, halt, heal, ignite, improve, increase, inflate, kindle, level, melt, multiply, narrow, open, overturn, pale, pop, quiet, round, rupture, shrink, shrivel, shut, sink, slow, smooth, soak, splay, stretch, submerge, subside, tame, tan, taper, thaw, tilt, topple, triple, unfold, vary, warm, warp<span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>I look forward to your response. Thank you in advance for your time and information. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>Best regards,<br>Chao<br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><br><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>