<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1258">
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
..shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><o:SmartTagType
namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PersonName"/>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:Arial;
color:navy;}
@page Section1
{size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang=FR link=blue vlink=purple>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Mandinka (Mande) is a good example of a
language with both many verbs such as <i><span style='font-style:italic'>fàa</span></i>
‘die’ or ‘kill’, <i><span style='font-style:italic'>soÌto</span></i> ‘have’ or ‘get’,
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>ké</span></i> ‘become’ or ‘transform’, etc.
and a very productive morphological derivation. More details can be found in
Creissels, Denis & Pierre Sambou, 2013, <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Le
mandinka : phonologie, grammaire, textes</span></i>, Paris: Karthala, or
in Creissels (To appear) ‘Valency properties of Mandinka verbs’ (downloadable
with the following link: <a
href="http://www.deniscreissels.fr/public/Creissels-Valency_classes_Mandinka.pdf">http://www.deniscreissels.fr/public/Creissels-Valency_classes_Mandinka.pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>On a similar situation in Soninke (another
West Mande language), see Creissels & Diagne (2013) ‘Transitivity in Bakel
Soninke’ (downloadable with the following link : <a
href="http://www.deniscreissels.fr/public/Creissels_Diagne-Transitivity_in_Bakel_Soninke.pdf">http://www.deniscreissels.fr/public/Creissels_Diagne-Transitivity_in_Bakel_Soninke.pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Basque is another good example of such a
situation<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>De :</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Discussion List
for ALT [mailto:<st1:PersonName w:st="on">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</st1:PersonName>]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>De la part de</span></b> Chao Li<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Envoyé :</span></b> dimanche 1 juin 2014
14:53<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>À :</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Objet :</span></b> Lexical Causatives
Through Conversion AND Productive Morphological Causatives</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>I was wondering whether
anyone was aware of a language that has <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>not
only</span></b> a number of (say, at least 10) lexical causatives formed
through conversion (i.e. the lexical causative has exactly the same form as a
non-causative adjective or intransitive verb) <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>but
also</span></b> a productive process of forming morphological causatives
through the addition of an affix to the base (e.g. Japanese causative suffix -<i><span
style='font-style:italic'>(s)ase</span></i>). With respect to lexical
causatives through conversion, English has a number of examples (see Levin
1993: 244-245; <i><span style='font-style:italic'>English Verb Classes and
Alternations</span></i>):<br>
<br>
(1) abate, alter, blast, blunt, blur, burn, burst, capsize, change, chill,
clear, clean, clog, close, collapse, compress, condense, contract, cool,
corrode, crumble, decompose, decrease, deflate, defrost, degrade, dim,
diminish, dissolve, distend, double, drain, dry, dull, empty, even, explode,
freeze, halt, heal, ignite, improve, increase, inflate, kindle, level, melt,
multiply, narrow, open, overturn, pale, pop, quiet, round, rupture, shrink,
shrivel, shut, sink, slow, smooth, soak, splay, stretch, submerge, subside,
tame, tan, taper, thaw, tilt, topple, triple, unfold, vary, warm, warp<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>I look forward to your
response. Thank you in advance for your time and information. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Best regards,<br>
Chao<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br /><br />
<hr style='border:none; color:#909090; background-color:#B0B0B0; height: 1px; width: 99%;' />
<table style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none;'>
<tr>
<td style='border:none;padding:0px 15px 0px 8px'>
<a href="http://www.avast.com/">
<img border=0 src="http://static.avast.com/emails/avast-mail-stamp.png" />
</a>
</td>
<td>
<p style='color:#3d4d5a; font-family:"Calibri","Verdana","Arial","Helvetica"; font-size:12pt;'>
Ce courrier électronique ne contient aucun virus ou logiciel malveillant parce que la protection <a href="http://www.avast.com/">Antivirus avast!</a> est active.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
</body>
</html>