<div dir="ltr">Dear Rachel,<div><br></div><div>In the Sino-Tibetan/Trans-Himalayan family, several languages that have been described with possessor raising might be cases of what you are looking for.</div><div><br></div><div>
In the extinct Tangut language, the verb can agree with a SAP possessor marked with the genitive (Jacques 2014:224)</div><div><br></div><div>xjow²tɕʰjwo¹ dʑjɨwji¹ [nji¹ jij¹ gji²bjij²] dja²-sja¹-wji¹-nja²-sji¹</div><div>
Fengchang ERG [you GEN wife] DIR-kill-AUX-2SG-PFV</div><div>Fenchang killed your wife.</div><div><br></div><div>Another case is Jingpo, which has a special set of agreement markers (Dai et al. 1990:382) for possessors, which can be used with both stative and dynamic verbs, and which are distinct from the regular set of agreement markers:</div>
<div><br></div><div>[nyéʔ pālọ̄ng] grài hprò lìʔāi</div><div>1SG:POSS clothes very be.white POSS:1SG:IPFV</div><div>My clothes are (very) white.</div><div><br></div><div>[shi ńnpyé] grài tsòm lùʔāi</div>
<div>3SG:POSS backsack very be.beautiful POSS:3SG:IPFV</div><div>His backsack is very beautiful.</div><div><br></div><div>The agreement markers above differ from those for 1SG and 3SG S argument, which are n̄ngāi and āi respectively. Here again, the possessors are marked with a possessive form, and are part of the NP.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Bickel (2000) also discusses related phenomena in Hakha Lai.</div><div><br></div><div>Best wishes,</div><div><br></div><div>Guillaume</div><div><br></div><div>References</div><div>Bickel, Balthasar (2000). On the syntax of agreement in Tibeto-Burman. Studies in Language, 24:583-609</div>
<div><a href="http://www.zora.uzh.ch/76615/1/Bickel2000Syntax.pdf">http://www.zora.uzh.ch/76615/1/Bickel2000Syntax.pdf</a><br></div><div>Jacques, Guillaume 2014 <i>Esquisse de phonologie et de morphologie historique du tangoute</i>. Global Oriental. Leiden: Brill.</div>
<div>Dai, Qingxia and Xu Xijian 1990. <i>Jingpoyu yufa</i>. Beijing: Zhongyang minzuxueyuan chubanshe.</div><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">2014-08-22 7:53 GMT+02:00 Rachel Nordlinger <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:racheln@unimelb.edu.au" target="_blank">racheln@unimelb.edu.au</a>></span>:<br>
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<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dear LINGTYP-ers,</div>
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<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">I am looking for languages in which verbal and/or clause-level agreement morphology (or bound pronoun system) is able to cross-reference an
<span style="font-weight:bold">internal</span> NP modifier. In other words, constructions where the agreement morphology is not cross-referencing the NP itself, but something
<span style="font-weight:bold">inside</span> the NP. External possession constructions may appear to be an instance of this, but there is usually good evidence not to treat the possessor (which is cross-referenced) as an internal NP modifier in these cases,
but rather to treat it as the argument of the verb itself (hence the traditional term ‘possessor raising’). So I am not after examples like this. </div>
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<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rather, what I am looking for are examples in which the cross-referenced element can be clearly shown to still be internal to the NP, even though it is cross-referenced. Consider the following
example from Gurindji (Australia) (data courtesy of Dr. Felicity Meakins):</div>
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<p><a name="147fe8cc28865f02__Ref252526292"></a><a name="147fe8cc28865f02__Ref252805349"><span lang="EN-US">(1)<span style="font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US">[Ngayiny</span></i></b></a><b><i><sub>b</sub></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US">-ju karu-ngku]</span></i></b><b><i><sub>a</sub></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US"> ngu=<b>yi</b></span></i><b><i><sub>b</sub></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US">=lu</span></i></b><b><i><sub>a</sub></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US">
tawirrjip</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US"> <u></u><u></u></span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">pa-ni marluka-wu kurrurij.</span></i></p>
<p><span lang="EN-US"> 1MIN.DAT-ERG child-ERG AUX=1MIN.O=3AUG.S pelt <u></u><u></u></span><span lang="EN-US">hit-PST</span><span lang="EN-GB"> old.man-DAT car</span></p>
<p><span style="white-space:pre-wrap"></span> My children pelted the old man's car (with rocks).</p>
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<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In this example there are two cross-referencing bound pronouns: -lu which cross-references the (augmented number) subject ‘My children’, and –yi which cross-references the possessor internal to
the subject ‘my'. That the possessor remains a modifier within the subject NP is shown clearly by the fact that it carries dative case, and agrees with the head noun ‘child-ERG’ in ergative case as well. Thus, what we have here is a construction in which
an NP-internal modifier is cross-referenced with morphology otherwise reserved for clausal arguments.</div>
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<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">I am aware of an old paper by Stump and Yadav (1988) that discusses data from Maithili very similar to the Gurindji case shown above, and the brief discussion of ‘verb agreement with possessives’
in Corbett (2006: 61) which mentions a couple of languages including Jarawara and Tabasaran. However, I am keen to find more examples, if possible.</div>
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<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">If any of you are aware of other languages that do something like this, I would appreciate it if you could point me in the right direction. If there is sufficient interest, I will post a summary.</div>
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<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Thanks,</div>
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<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Rachel</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Corbett, Greville G. 2006.
<i>Agreement</i>. Cambridge: CUP.</font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri" size="3">Stump, Gregory and Ramawatar Yadav. 1988. Maithili verb agreement and the control agreement principle. <i>Linguistics Faculty Publications</i>,
Paper 37. <a href="http://uknowledge.uky.edu/lin_facpub/37" target="_blank">http://uknowledge.uky.edu/lin_facpub/37</a>.<u></u><u></u></font></span></p>
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<div>-- </div>
<div>Rachel Nordlinger</div>
<div>Associate Professor and Reader</div>
<div>School of Languages and Linguistics</div>
<div>University of Melbourne</div>
<div>VIC 3010</div>
<div>AUSTRALIA</div>
<div><a href="tel:%2B61-%280%293-8344-4227" value="+61383444227" target="_blank">+61-(0)3-8344-4227</a></div>
<div><a href="http://languages-linguistics.unimelb.edu.au/academic-staff/rachel-nordlinger" target="_blank">http://languages-linguistics.unimelb.edu.au/academic-staff/rachel-nordlinger</a></div>
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</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br>Guillaume Jacques<br>CNRS (CRLAO) - INALCO<br><a href="http://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeJacques" target="_blank">http://cnrs.academia.edu/GuillaumeJacques</a><br>
<div><a href="http://himalco.hypotheses.org/" target="_blank">http://himalco.hypotheses.org/</a></div><div><a href="http://panchr.hypotheses.org/" target="_blank">http://panchr.hypotheses.org/</a></div>
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