<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76303">In (colloquial) Panjabi, one often says/hears:</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76301"><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76299" dir="ltr">edhar kar</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76297" dir="ltr">hither do(IMP.sg.)</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76295" dir="ltr">'Give it to me.' (lit. 'Give it here.')<br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76152"><br><span></span></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76305" dir="ltr"><span>Elena Bashir</span></div><br> <div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76156" style="font-family: Courier New, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76155" style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> <div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76154" dir="ltr"> <hr size="1"> <font id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76158" size="2" face="Arial"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">From:</span></b> Seino van Breugel <seinobreugel@gmail.com><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> Siva Kalyan <sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.com> <br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cc:</span></b> "LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG" <LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Monday, February 16, 2015 4:28 AM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [Lingtyp] query: 'give' and 'do'/'make'<br> </font> </div> <div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76308" class="y_msg_container"><br><div id="yiv7689416693"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76307"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76306" dir="ltr">In some varieties of English people say things like: "do me a hamburger", where "do" means 'give/make'.<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76310">Seino</div></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76312" class="yiv7689416693gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76316"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76315" class="yiv7689416693gmail_signature"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76314" dir="ltr">Dr. Seino van Breugel<br clear="none">Lecturer in Linguistics<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76318">Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand</div></div></div></div>
<br clear="none"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76320" class="yiv7689416693gmail_quote">On Mon, Feb 16, 2015 at 2:31 PM, Siva Kalyan <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.com">sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br clear="none"><blockquote id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76324" class="yiv7689416693gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div class="qtdSeparateBR"><br><br></div><div class="yiv7689416693yqt7288812079" id="yiv7689416693yqt99781"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76323" style="word-wrap:break-word;">Japanese <i>yaru</i> comes to mind: <a id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76322" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/je2/76657/m1u/%E3%82%84%E3%82%8B/">http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/je2/76657/m1u/やる/</a>.<br clear="none"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76326">
<br clear="none"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;display:inline!important;float:none;">Siva</span>
</div>
<br clear="none"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76331"><blockquote id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76330" type="cite"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76329">On 16 Feb 2015, at 5:14 pm, David Gil <<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:gil@eva.mpg.de" target="_blank" href="mailto:gil@eva.mpg.de">gil@eva.mpg.de</a>> wrote:</div><br clear="none"><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76334">
<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1424092520602_76333">
Dear all,<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Does anybody know of languages in which 'give' and 'do'/'make' are
expressed with the same or related words? Or of cases in which
forms expressing one of these two meanings are historically derived
from forms expressing the other meaning? <br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Thanks,<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
David <br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Further details: <br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
My interest in this question stems from current field work on Roon
(South Halmahera West New Guinea, Austronesian). In Roon there is a
single form <i>be</i> expressing both 'give' and 'do'/'make'.
(In fact, the same form <i>be </i>is associated with a wide range
of grammatical and semantic functions, most or all of which seem to
be derivable diachronically and possibly also synchronically from
either 'give' or 'do'/'make'.) A cognate form <i>be </i>meaning
both 'give' and 'do'/'make' is also present in closely related Biak
and Dusner.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
Identical words for 'give' and 'do'/'make' (but unrelated to <i>be</i>)
also occur in at least two nearby non-Austronesian languages, Meyah
and Hatam, and in the geographically proximate Austronesian language
Wooi. However, I have not yet been able to find any other examples
of 'give'-'do'/'make' identity in other languages of the region,
Austronesian or otherwise. Thus, 'give'-'do'/'make' identity seems
to be an areal characteristic of a small region of the eastern
Bird's Head and western Cenderawasih Bay, in which it presumably
spread from the original non-Austronesian to the intrusive
Austronesian languages, through metatypy, relexification, or some
such process.<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
In order to gauge the significance of 'give'-'do'/'make' identity as
a diagnostic feature of language contact, I am thus interested in
getting a feel for how widespread this feature is across the world's
languages. For what it's worth, I can't think of any examples from
other parts of the world — can you?<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
I am also interested in any ideas you might have about what the
semantic basis of the connection between 'give' and 'do'/'make', and
possible mechanisms of semantic generalization. In the
Roon/Biak/Dusner case, at least, the form <i>be</i> is clearly
cognate with the proto-Malayo-Polynesian word for 'give', suggesting
that the direction of semantic spread was from 'give' to
'do'/'make'. But I have no information on the other known cases
(Meyah, Hatam, Wooi).<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<br clear="none">
<pre>--
David Gil
Department of Linguistics
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
Telephone: 49-341-3550321 Fax: 49-341-3550333
Email: <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:gil@eva.mpg.de" target="_blank" href="mailto:gil@eva.mpg.de">gil@eva.mpg.de</a>
Webpage: <a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://www.eva.mpg.de/%7Egil/">http://www.eva.mpg.de/~gil/</a>
</pre>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br clear="none">Lingtyp mailing list<br clear="none"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br clear="none"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br clear="none"></div></blockquote></div><br clear="none"></div></div><br clear="none">_______________________________________________<br clear="none">
Lingtyp mailing list<br clear="none">
<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br clear="none">
<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br clear="none">
<br clear="none"></blockquote></div><br clear="none"></div></div></div><br><div class="yqt7288812079" id="yqt20070">_______________________________________________<br clear="none">Lingtyp mailing list<br clear="none"><a shape="rect" ymailto="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br clear="none"><a shape="rect" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br clear="none"></div><br><br></div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>