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<P><FONT face="Times New Roman">From Wikipedia s.v. ‘Pleonasm’:</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman"><<The pleonastic <I>ne</I> (<I>ne
pléonastique</I>) expressing uncertainty in formal </FONT><A
title="French language"
style='href: "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language"'><FONT
face="Times New Roman">French</FONT></A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> works as
follows</FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><FONT face="Times New Roman">"<I>Je crains qu'il ne pleuve.</I>"<BR>("I
fear it may rain.")</FONT>
<DD><FONT face="Times New Roman">"<I>Ces idées sont plus difficiles à
comprendre que je ne pensais.</I>"<BR>("These ideas are harder to understand
than I thought.") >></FONT></DD></DL>
<DIV>The same holds for Italian, with some slight stylistic differences:</DIV>
<DIV><EM>Temo che <STRONG>non</STRONG> piova </EM>(Subjunctive) means
usually “I’m afraid that it will <STRONG>not</STRONG> rain” and the sentence
with the opposite meaning “I’m afraid that it will rain” is in an unmarked style
<EM>Temo che piova.</EM></DIV>
<DIV>On the contrary, the second sentence will usually contain the negative
<EM><STRONG>non</STRONG> </EM>since it refers to an actual negative state of
affairs :I didn’t think that.... : <EM>Queste idee sono più difficili a capirsi
che <STRONG>non</STRONG> pensassi</EM> (IMPF. SUBJ)</DIV>
<DIV><EM>?? Queste idee sono più difficili a capirsi che pensassi </EM>sounds
very odd. Usually you would say <EM>Queste idee sono più difficili a
capirsi di quanto (non) pensavo</EM>, where <STRONG>non</STRONG> is quite
correct, though not compulsory.</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-list: ignore"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: ; LINE-HEIGHT: normal">(See P. Ramat, </SPAN></SPAN>La
comparazione negativa. <I><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Arch.
Glott. Ital</I>. 87/2002: 223-229 and the seminal article by Joseph Vendryes,
Sur la négation abusive, <EM>Bull. Soc. Linguist.</EM> 46/1950: 1-18).
</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">Prof.Paolo
Ramat<BR>Università di Pavia<BR>Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS
Pavia)<BR></DIV>
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<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5">
<DIV style="font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=Hannu.Tommola@uta.fi
href="mailto:Hannu.Tommola@uta.fi">Hannu Tommola</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, March 19, 2015 9:21 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=hartmut@ruc.dk href="mailto:hartmut@ruc.dk">Hartmut
Haberland</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Cc:</B> <A title=LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org
href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org">list, typology</A> ; <A
title=nina.dobrushina@gmail.com href="mailto:nina.dobrushina@gmail.com">Nina
Dobrushina</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Lingtyp] fear + NEG</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style='FONT-SIZE: small; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri"; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline'>
<P>As Hartmut, I feel a clarification of the original query is needed here. I
know that my competence in French is poor, but isn't it that there is a
difference between the following utterances:<BR><BR>French:<BR><BR>Je crains
qu'il ne vienne<BR>'I'm afraid he'll come'<BR><BR>and<BR><BR>Je crains qu'il ne
vienne PAS.<BR>'I'm afraid he'll NOT come'<BR><BR>Similarly in
Russian:<BR><BR>Ja bojus', chto on pridët<BR>'I'm afraid he'll
come'<BR><BR>and<BR><BR>Ja bojus', chto on NE pridët<BR>'I'm afraid he'll NOT
come'<BR><BR>Best wishes,<BR>Hannu<BR><BR> Quoting Hartmut Haberland
<<A href="mailto:hartmut@ruc.dk">hartmut@ruc.dk</A>>:<BR>> I need a
clarification here. The Japanese sentence can be paraphrased<BR>> as:
Something bad may have happened. I am afraid of that. But do the<BR>> Hindi
and French sentences mean: He may come. I am afraid of that. Or:<BR>>
He may not come. I am afraid of that. ?<BR>> It could just be a question
whether the complementizer means that or if<BR>> (like Japanese ka); the
latter would require a negation that disappears<BR>> when the complementizer
is rendered by a that-like conjunction in a<BR>> different language. <BR>>
Hartmut<BR>><BR>> Sendt fra min
iPhone<BR>><BR>> Den 19/03/2015 kl. 08.17 skrev "Anvita
Abbi" <<A
href="mailto:anvitaabbi@gmail.com">anvitaabbi@gmail.com</A>>:<BR>>
<BR>>> Dear All,<BR>>> Hindi is one language with such structures.
One example is given here.<BR>>>
/mujhe Dar
hai
ki
vo
aa na
<BR>>> jaye/<BR>>> 1sg.Dat
fear AUX COMP
3sg come NEG come<BR>>>
Literal: 'I am afraid that he does not come'<BR>>> <BR>>>
Anvita<BR>>><BR>>><BR>>><BR>>> Prof. Anvita
Abbi<BR>>><BR>>> Director: Centre for Oral and Tribal
Literature<BR>>><BR>>> Sahitya Akademi<BR>>><BR>>>
Rabindra Bhavan<BR>>><BR>>> 35, Ferozeshah
Road<BR>>><BR>>> New Delhi 110 001<BR>>> <A
href="http://www.andamanese.net"
target=_blank>www.andamanese.net</A>[1]<BR>>> President: Linguistic
Society of India<BR>>><BR>>> On Wed, Mar 18, 2015 at 5:09 PM,
Michael Daniel<BR>>> <<A
href="mailto:misha.daniel@gmail.com">misha.daniel@gmail.com</A>>
wrote:<BR>>>> Dear
all,<BR>>>><BR>>>>
below is a letter I post on behalf of Nina Dobrushina. If you<BR>>>>
have any references or ideas that you could share, please send them
to<BR>>>> her: <A
href="mailto:nina.dobrushina@gmail.com">nina.dobrushina@gmail.com</A> (also in
the copy
above)<BR>>>><BR>>>>
Michael
Daniel<BR>>>><BR>>>>
Dear
all,<BR>>>><BR>>>>
could you give me hints on empirical evidence and literature<BR>>>>
about languages where the predicates of fear (?fear?, ?to be
afraid?,<BR>>>> ?to worry? and the like) (tend to) have negation
in the complement<BR>>>> clause? I am aware of Russian, French (and
other Romance languages),<BR>>>> Japanese, and some Turkic languages
like Kumyk. Two examples are<BR>>>> provided
below.<BR>>>><BR>>>><BR>>>>
French:<BR>>>><BR>>>>
Je crain-s que
la lettre n?
arrive
pas<BR>>>>
I fear COMPL
DEF letter NEG
come.SUBJ.3SG
NEG<BR>>>><BR>>>>
LT: 'I am afraid that the letter does not
arrive'<BR>>>> (less
literal 'I am afraid that the letter may not
arrive')<BR>>>><BR>>>>
Japanese (example courtesy Tasaku
Tsunoda):<BR>>>><BR>>>>
Nanika
waru-i
koto=ga <BR>>>>
oki-nak-at-ta=ka
sinpai=da<BR>>>>
something bad-NPST
thing=NOM <BR>>>> happen-NEG-LINK-PST=Q
worried=COP.NPNST<BR>>>>
<BR>>>> LT: ?[I] am
worried whether something bad did not
happen.?<BR>>>> FT: ?I
am worried that something bad
happened.?<BR>>>><BR>>>>
Thanks,<BR>>>><BR>>>>
Nina
Dobrushina<BR>>>><BR>>>>
_______________________________________________<BR>>>>
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target=_blank>http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</A><BR>>>
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<P> </P>
<DIV class=impComposeSignature>Hannu Tommola<BR>Professor emer. of Russian
Language (Translation Theory and Practice)<BR>School of Language, Translation
and Literary Studies<BR>FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Finland</DIV>
<P>Linkit:<BR>-------<BR>[1] <A href="http://www.andamanese.net/"
target=_blank>http://www.andamanese.net/</A><BR type="_moz"></P>
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