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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'>Dear Kilu,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'>This way of expressing emotions is pervasive among
the languages of Subsaharan Africa. For example, in Mandinka (West Mande), the
anatomical meaning of <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>jùsôo</span></b> is ‘liver’,
but this noun is also widely used in the expression of emotions / moral
attitudes:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsóo bèntá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver has
been set up.’ > ‘He/she is courageous.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'>3SG liver.D set-up.CPL FOC<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'>(SG=singular, D=determiner, CPL=completive aspect,
FOC=focus particle)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'>and similarly :<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsôo bótá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver went
out.’ > ‘He/she got angry.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsôo dímíntá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver got
painful.’ > ‘He/she got angry.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsôo díyáatá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver is
pleasant.’ > ‘He/she has a kind heart.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsôo fárátá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver tore
up.’ > ‘He/she is anxious.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsóo fìntá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver got
black.’ > ‘He/she is cruel.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsóo jàatá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver dried
up.’ > ‘He/she is courageous.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsóo kàndìtá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver got
hot.’ > ‘He/she got angry.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsôo láatá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver lied
down.’ > ‘He/she is happy.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";font-weight:bold'>À jùsôo súmíyáatá lè.</span></font></b><font
face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-family:"Charis SIL"'> lit. ‘His/her liver got
cool.’ > ‘He/she calmed down.’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'>The corresponding nominal notions are expressed as compound
nouns that, according to the rules of Mandinka grammar, constitute the regular
nominalization of these constructions, for example <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>jùsùlâa</span></b> ‘happiness’ < <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>jùsú</span></b>
‘liver (indefinite)’ + <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>láa</span></b> ‘lie
down’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'>Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Charis SIL"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Charis SIL"'>Denis<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>De :</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Lingtyp
[mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>De la part de</span></b> Kilu von Prince<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Envoyé :</span></b> samedi 27 juin 2015
10:40<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>À :</span></b>
LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Objet :</span></b> [Lingtyp] Seats of
emotions: experiencer pronouns,body-part collocations and similar</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I'm working on an article on expressions of emotions that require an
idiosyncratic combination of a subject (typically a body-part) and predicate
(typically with a more general meaning such as `be good', `be sweet', `hurt' or
similar), as exemplified by the following structure from Oceanic Daakaka:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>(1) yu-on mwe yaa<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>inside.of-3S.POSS REAL hurt<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>`he/she is angry'<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I am aware of a few other, typologically diverse languages that show
such structures: Acholi (Bavin 1996), Hmong (Clark 1996) and Anywa (Reh 1996),
which is described to have `experiencer pronouns'. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>I would like to know:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>1) if you know of other languages with such structures; and<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>2) how are the corresponding nominal notions expressed in these
languages (anger, happiness, sadness, love)?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Of course, I'll be happy to cite your published work or cite your
personal communication as a source, unless you specify otherwise.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Kilu<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>References:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Bavin, Edith L. 1996. Body parts in Acholi: alienable and inalienable
distinctions and extended uses. In: Chappell, Hilary, & McGregor, William
(eds), e grammar of inalienability: A typological perspective on body part
terms and the part-whole relation. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Clark, Marybeth. 1996. Where do you feel? – stative verbs and body-part
terms in Mainland Southeast Asia. In: Chappell, Hilary, & McGregor, William
(eds), e grammar of inalienability: A typological perspective on body part
terms and the part-whole relation. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>Reh, Mechthild.
1996. Anywa language. Description and internal reconstructions.
(Nilo-Saharan, 11.). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
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