<div dir="ltr">Hi Ruth,<div><br></div><div>thanks! Maia sent me her manuscript and I'm definitely going to devour it. The reason I was asking is that I found in Daakaka that these idiomatic phrases for emotions and mental states can be nominalized by a specific process that is interesting and exceptional in a number of ways. Most importantly, these nominalizations are exocentric, the meaning of the whole phrase does not denote a subset of the meaning denoted by the head noun. A very clear example comes from an expression that does not denote an emotion, but follows the exact same patterns as those terms:</div><div>`nosebleed' literally means `the dripping nose', but is obviously not just a special kind of nose, and there are sentences such as `there was a lot of nosebleed in his nose'.</div><div><br></div><div>I was wondering how other languages solved the dilemma of nominalizing a meaning that is only encoded by a complex phrase rather than a single verb lexeme. It is well possible, as you suggest, that some languages simply avoid nominal reference to the corresponding meanings.</div><div><br></div><div>Best regards,</div><div>Kilu</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jun 29, 2015 at 4:09 AM, Ruth Singer <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:rsinger@unimelb.edu.au" target="_blank">rsinger@unimelb.edu.au</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Hi Kilu,<div><br></div><div>Responding to your second question:</div><span class=""><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">>2) how are the corresponding nominal notions expressed in these languages (anger, happiness, >sadness, love)?</span><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"><br></span></div></span><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">You might be interested to look at Maia Ponsonnet's work on Emotion terms in the Australian language Dalabon (<a href="http://maiaponsonnet.com/" target="_blank">http://maiaponsonnet.com/</a>)</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">She finds that that few emotion nouns are used in the Australian language Dalabon. </span><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">Instead predicates are mainly used. These may be verbal or nominal predicates and may involve body part nouns.</span></div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">My impression is that Australian languages seem not to rely as much on nouns referring to emotions such as the English nouns <i>anger, happiness, sadness, love</i>. And the syntax and semantics of emotions is in many ways similar to that of cognition and bodily experiences.</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">I discuss some idioms and complex verbs that include body part nouns in the Australian language Mawng in my thesis: </span><span style="font-size:13px;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(68,68,68);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:20.9300003051758px;text-align:justify;background:transparent"> </span><span style="font-size:13px;color:rgb(68,68,68);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:20.9300003051758px;text-align:justify"></span><span style="font-size:13px;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;outline:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(68,68,68);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:20.9300003051758px;text-align:justify;background:transparent"><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39232" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(96,120,144);background:transparent" target="_blank">http://hdl.handle.net/11343/39232</a>. They appear in a range of constructions that can be distinguished syntactically.</span></div><div><br></div><div>Cheers,</div><div><br></div><div>Ruth</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><div><div class="h5"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 29 June 2015 at 11:35, Tasaku Tsunoda <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:tsunoda@ninjal.ac.jp" target="_blank">tsunoda@ninjal.ac.jp</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font>Dear Kilu,</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> I have found the following examples.</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif">1. Japanese (my mother tongue)</div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif">(1) Hara=ga tat-ta.</div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> belly/stomach=NOM rise-PST</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> LT: 'Belly/stomach rose'.</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> FT: '[I, etc.] got angry.</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif">(2) Watasi=wa hara=ga tat-ta.</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> I=TOP belly/stomach=NOM rise-PST</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> LT: 'As for me, belly/stomach rose'.</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> FT: 'I got angry.'</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif">In the Japanese culture, hara 'belly/stomach' is considered the seat of emotion.</div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif">2. Djaru of Western Australia. Pama-Nyungan Family.</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> Tsunoda (1981: 197)</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif">(3) Ngaju-Ø nga=rna munda-Ø gida-Ø nyinanga-n.</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"> 1SG-ABS C=1SG.NOM belly-NOM good-NOM stay-PRES</font></div><div> LT: I, belly, stay good.</div><div> FT: I am happy.</div><div><br></div><div>In the Djaru culture, too, munda 'belly' <span style="font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif">is considered the seat of emotion.</span></div><div><br></div><div>C: carrier of enclitic pronouns</div><div><br></div><div>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 1981. The Djaru language of Kimberley, Western Australia.</div><div> Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.</div><div><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif">Best wishes,</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><font face="ＭＳ Ｐゴシック,MS PGothic,sans-serif">Tasaku Tsunoda</font></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif"><br></div></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif;font-size:20px"><br></div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'\00ff2d\00ff33 \00ff30\0030b4\0030b7\0030c3\0030af','MS PGothic',sans-serif;font-size:20px"><div style="font-family:ÇlÇr ÇoÉSÉVÉbÉN;font-size:10pt;text-align:left;color:black;BORDER-BOTTOM:medium none;BORDER-LEFT:medium none;PADDING-BOTTOM:0in;PADDING-LEFT:0in;PADDING-RIGHT:0in;BORDER-TOP:#b5c4df 1pt solid;BORDER-RIGHT:medium none;PADDING-TOP:3pt"><span><span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span> Kilu von Prince <<a href="mailto:watasenia@gmail.com" target="_blank">watasenia@gmail.com</a>><br></span><span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span> 2015年6月27日土曜日 17:39<br><span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span> <<a href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span> [Lingtyp] Seats of emotions: experiencer pronouns, body-part collocations and similar<br></div><div><div><div><br></div><div dir="ltr">Dear colleagues,<div><br></div><div>I'm working on an article on expressions of emotions that require an idiosyncratic combination of a subject (typically a body-part) and predicate (typically with a more general meaning such as `be good', `be sweet', `hurt' or similar), as exemplified by the following structure from Oceanic Daakaka:</div><div><br></div><div>(1) yu-on mwe yaa</div><div>inside.of-3S.POSS REAL hurt</div><div>`he/she is angry'</div><div><br></div><div>I am aware of a few other, typologically diverse languages that show such structures: Acholi (Bavin 1996), Hmong (Clark 1996) and Anywa (Reh 1996), which is described to have `experiencer pronouns'. </div><div><br></div><div>I would like to know:</div><div>1) if you know of other languages with such structures; and</div><div>2) how are the corresponding nominal notions expressed in these languages (anger, happiness, sadness, love)?</div><div><br></div><div>Of course, I'll be happy to cite your published work or cite your personal communication as a source, unless you specify otherwise.</div><div><br></div><div>Regards,</div><div>Kilu</div><div><br></div><div>References:</div><div><div>Bavin, Edith L. 1996. Body parts in Acholi: alienable and inalienable distinctions and extended uses. In: Chappell, Hilary, & McGregor, William (eds), e grammar of inalienability: A typological perspective on body part terms and the part-whole relation. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton.</div><div><br></div><div>Clark, Marybeth. 1996. Where do you feel? – stative verbs and body-part terms in Mainland Southeast Asia. In: Chappell, Hilary, & McGregor, William (eds), e grammar of inalienability: A typological perspective on body part terms and the part-whole relation. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton. </div></div><div><br></div><div><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,'Lucida Grande',sans-serif;font-size:13px">Reh, Mechthild. 1996. </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,'Lucida Grande',sans-serif;font-size:13px">Anywa</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,'Lucida Grande',sans-serif;font-size:13px"> language. Description and internal reconstructions. (Nilo-Saharan, 11.). </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:HelveticaNeue,'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,'Lucida Grande',sans-serif;font-size:13px">Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.</span><br></div></div></div></div><span>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div></div></div><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">-- <br><div><div dir="ltr">Dr Ruth Singer<br>DECRA Postdoctoral Fellow<br>Linguistics Program and Research Unit for Indigenous Language<br>School of Languages and Linguistics<br>Faculty of Arts<br>University of Melbourne 3010<br>Tel. <a href="tel:%2B61%203%2090353774" value="+61390353774" target="_blank">+61 3 90353774</a><br><a href="http://languages-linguistics.unimelb.edu.au/academic-staff/ruth-singer" target="_blank">http://languages-linguistics.unimelb.edu.au/academic-staff/ruth-singer</a><br><a href="http://indiglang.arts.unimelb.edu.au/" target="_blank">http://indiglang.arts.unimelb.edu.au/</a></div></div>
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