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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Menya (an Angan language of Papua New Guinea) has the following expressions involving hotness. Obviously not all are related to emotions. There are no metaphorical or idiomatic expressions involving the word ‘cold’ and there are no terms for moderate temperatures other than modification of these two. The letter ‘ä’ represents a mid-central vowel; ‘q’ is a voiceless uvular stop word-initially and following ‘ŋ’ but a voiced uvular fricative elsewhere.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqu tnäŋä äwqi he is going hotly/quickly; he is running<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqu äwqä tnäŋä imäkqi he makes/does (his) abdomen hot; he is angry<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqu maŋä tnäŋä ätqi he is speaking hot-mouthedly/loudly (not necessarily in anger)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Yuŋuä tnäŋä äquŋgi A strong/hot wind is blowing<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqu äwqä tnäŋä äwiŋgi He is made hot abdomened; he is angered<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqueqä huiwi tnäŋä äwiŋgi His skin/body is heated; he is burning up/fevered<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqu wäuŋuä tnäŋä iqi He is working hotly/hard<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqu ämaqä tnäŋä ique He is a hot/hard/harsh man<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqu qätä wiyqŋqä tnäŋä iqi He is hot about giving ear; he is eager to listen</span><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Iqu tnäŋä änyiyqi He is doing me hotly; he is disrespeŋting me.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Trust this helps. I can give more info about the meaning and morphology of specific words if this is needed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-AU style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Carl Whitehead<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Lingtyp [mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 19, 2015 5:04 PM<br><b>To:</b> LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br><b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Extended uses of temperature words<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:14.2pt;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times",serif;color:black'>Dear colleagues! This query concerns extended uses of temperature terms (such as ‘warm’, ‘hot’, ‘cold’, ‘cool’, etc.), primarily in reference to emotions, human dispositions and interpersonal relations, which are the focus of</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'> my current cross-disciplinary research together with the social psychologist Hans IJzerman (<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hijzerman/home">https://sites.google.com/site/hijzerman/home</a>).</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:14.2pt;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times",serif;color:black'>As you certainly know, <span style='font-variant:small-caps'>“affection is warmth”</span></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times",serif;color:black'>and “<span style='font-variant:small-caps'>anger is heat</span>” are two of the most widely quoted “universal” conceptual metaphors suggested by cognitive linguists on the basis of expressions as “warm words, feelings” or “hot tempered”, well-attested in familiar languages. </span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>However, the chapters in the volume “The linguistics of temperature” (2015, John Benjamins) edited by myself (<a href="https://benjamins.com/%23catalog/books/tsl.107/main">https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/tsl.107/main</a>) clearly reveal a significant variance in using temperature metaphors. Australian languages, Hup (Nadahup), Mapudungun (Araucanian), and Ojibwe (Algonquian) basically lack any extended use of temperature terms, while the Oceanic languages in Vanuatu and Nganasan (Uralic) have very few. This is in contrast both to some European and other Asian languages, but also to the African languages Ewe, Gbaya, Guren</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black'>ɛ</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>, Likpe, S</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black'>ɛ</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>l</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Doulos SIL";color:black'>ɛɛ</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>, Abui and Kamang (Timor-Alor-Pantar), and Yucatec Maya. These latter reveal a rich inventory of extended uses pertaining to their temperature terms, ranging from the more common ones, to the idiosyncratic ones. Interestingly, languages also vary as to which temperature term has predominantly positive associations in its extended uses (e.g. ‘cold’ rather than ‘warm’). </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:14.2pt;text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>We would very much like to extend our linguistic database and get information on the existence of extended uses of temperature terms in other languages. We would therefore be extremely grateful for any input more or less along the following lines:</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>Language X lacks any extended uses of temperature terms</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>Language X uses / does not use ‘hot/warm’ terms for talking about positive emotions, social warmth etc. (‘warm heart’, ‘warm person’) </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>Language X uses / does not use ‘hot/warm’ terms for talking about aggressive, dangerous, exciting etc. experiences, emotions, people etc.</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;text-autospace:none'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>Language X uses / does not use ‘cold/cool’ terms for talking about negative / positive emotions, people, states, etc. </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>I will be happy to share any further thoughts, clarifications and materials with anyone interested in this topic.</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>Please send your replies directly to me.</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>Warmest regards,</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Prof. Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Dept. of linguistics, Stockholm University<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>106 91 Stockholm Sweden<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>E-mail: <a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se">tamm@ling.su.se</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'>Tel.: +46 8 16 26 20 (office), +46 8 26 90 91<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://www.ling.su.se/tamm">http://www.ling.su.se/tamm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>