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<div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Tahoma;color: #000000;font-size: 10pt;">Dear Maria,<br>
<br>
The following Amharic expression relates directly to your ruery:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">K’ ut’ t’ a-w<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>bärrädä-ll-ät<br>
anger-3MSG.POS<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>be.cool-BEN-3MSG.OBJ<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">'He is not very angry anymore'
<br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">‘His anger subsided’
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">But more common are expressions that result from temperature- / weather-related verbs:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">Anjät-e<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">ras</b>ä<br>
intestine-1SG.POS<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>be.wet.3MSG.PFV<br>
‘I am happy (because of something said/done)’ <br>
(cf. zinab a<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">ras</b>äň ‘ I got wet from the rain’)
<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">Anjät-e<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>täk’at’ t’älä<br>
intestine-1SG.POS<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>be.burned.3MSG.PFV<br>
‘I am very angry’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:3.0cm"><span style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">K’ ut’ t’ a-w<span style="mso-tab-count:1">
</span>gänäffälä<br>
anger-3MSG.POS<span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>boil.over.3MSG.OBJ<br>
‘He got angry suddenly/unexpectedly ’<br>
‘He could not control his anger’ </span></p>
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With best regards,<br>
Azeb Amha<br>
<br>
<div style="font-family: Times New Roman; color: #000000; font-size: 16px">
<hr tabindex="-1">
<div style="direction: ltr;" id="divRpF774618"><font face="Tahoma" color="#000000" size="2"><b>Van:</b> Lingtyp [lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org] namens Kilu von Prince [watasenia@gmail.com]<br>
<b>Verzonden:</b> donderdag 20 augustus 2015 11:10<br>
<b>Aan:</b> Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm<br>
<b>CC:</b> LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG<br>
<b>Onderwerp:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Extended uses of temperature words<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Dear Maria,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I cannot give you definitive negative evidence for Daakaka because I haven't tested for that, but I can give you the following information:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>1. Daakaka uses the term `pyane' (to roast/ burn sth.) for a transitive expression of anger:</div>
<div><span class="s1"><br>
</span></div>
<div><span class="s1">yu-on mwe</span><span class="s2"> pyane</span><span class="s1"> nyoo</span></div>
<div><span class="s1">feeling.of-3SG.POSS REAL roast 3PL</span></div>
<div><span class="s1">`he was mad at them' (reference to the corpus I collected: </span>sto36:029)</div>
<div><span class="s1"><br>
</span></div>
<div>2. I have found no evidence for other extended uses of temperature terms.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best,</div>
<div>Kilu</div>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Aug 19, 2015 at 9:04 AM, Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm
<span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se" target="_blank">tamm@ling.su.se</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-size:14px; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:14.2pt; text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Times" lang="EN-US">Dear colleagues! This query concerns extended uses of temperature terms (such as ‘warm’, ‘hot’, ‘cold’, ‘cool’, etc.), primarily
in reference to emotions, human dispositions and interpersonal relations, which are the focus of</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB"> my current cross-disciplinary research together with the social psychologist Hans IJzerman (<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/hijzerman/home" target="_blank">https://sites.google.com/site/hijzerman/home</a>).<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:14.2pt; text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Times" lang="EN-US">As you certainly know,
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">“affection is warmth”</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Times" lang="EN-US"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Times" lang="EN-GB">and “<span style="font-variant:small-caps">anger is
heat</span>” are two of the most widely quoted “universal” conceptual metaphors suggested by cognitive linguists on the basis of expressions as “warm words, feelings” or “hot tempered”, well-attested in familiar languages.
</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">However, the chapters in the volume “The linguistics of temperature” (2015, John Benjamins) edited by myself (<a href="https://benjamins.com/%23catalog/books/tsl.107/main" target="_blank">https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/tsl.107/main</a>)
clearly reveal a significant variance in using temperature metaphors. Australian languages, Hup (Nadahup), Mapudungun (Araucanian), and Ojibwe (Algonquian) basically lack any extended use of temperature terms, while the Oceanic languages in Vanuatu and Nganasan
(Uralic) have very few. This is in contrast both to some European and other Asian languages, but also to the African languages Ewe, Gbaya, Guren</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:'Doulos SIL'" lang="EN-GB">ɛ</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">,
Likpe, S</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:'Doulos SIL'" lang="EN-GB">ɛ</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">l</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:'Doulos SIL'" lang="EN-GB">ɛɛ</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">,
Abui and Kamang (Timor-Alor-Pantar), and Yucatec Maya. These latter reveal a rich inventory of extended uses pertaining to their temperature terms, ranging from the more common ones, to the idiosyncratic ones. Interestingly, languages also vary as to which
temperature term has predominantly positive associations in its extended uses (e.g. ‘cold’ rather than ‘warm’).
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:14.2pt; text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">We would very much like to extend our linguistic database and get information on the existence of extended uses of temperature terms in other languages.
We would therefore be extremely grateful for any input more or less along the following lines:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">1.<span style="font-size:7pt">
</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">Language X lacks any extended uses of temperature terms<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">2.<span style="font-size:7pt">
</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">Language X uses / does not use ‘hot/warm’ terms for talking about positive emotions, social warmth etc. (‘warm heart’, ‘warm person’)
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">3.<span style="font-size:7pt">
</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">Language X uses / does not use ‘hot/warm’ terms for talking about aggressive, dangerous, exciting etc. experiences, emotions, people etc.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">4.<span style="font-size:7pt">
</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">Language X uses / does not use ‘cold/cool’ terms for talking about negative / positive emotions, people, states, etc.
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">I will be happy to share any further thoughts, clarifications and materials with anyone interested in this topic.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">Please send your replies directly to me.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">Warmest regards,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt" lang="EN-GB">Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div>Prof. Maria Koptjevskaja Tamm</div>
<div>Dept. of linguistics, Stockholm University</div>
<div>106 91 Stockholm Sweden</div>
<div>E-mail: <a href="mailto:tamm@ling.su.se" target="_blank">tamm@ling.su.se</a></div>
<div>Tel.: <a href="tel:%2B46%208%2016%2026%2020" value="+468162620" target="_blank">
+46 8 16 26 20</a> (office), <a href="tel:%2B46%208%2026%2090%2091" value="+468269091" target="_blank">
+46 8 26 90 91</a></div>
<div><a href="http://www.ling.su.se/tamm" target="_blank">http://www.ling.su.se/tamm</a></div>
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