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<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Notions
of 'feature'
in linguistic theory: cross-theoretical and
cross-linguistic perspectives<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Workshop
proposal for the 49th SLE meeting,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Naples, August
31 – September 3, 2016<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Workshop
organizers</span></b><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-right:66.6pt;text-align:justify"><b
style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">Lars Hellan, Andrej Malchukov, Ian
Roberts, Michela Cennamo<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">Linguistic
frameworks and theories largely agree on what the basic units
in languages are –
words, sentences, phrases, morphemes, etc. – but differ in how
they analyze the
behavior of these units. ‘Features’, broadly speaking, means
‘properties’ of
the units, where ‘properties’ are conceived partly relative to
what is in focus
of a given research, <span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1">partly
relative to the formal exposition of the properties.
Recently the notion of
feature has been the focus of renewed attention (e.g.,
Corbett 2012; Kibort &
Corbett 2010), yet many aspects remain controversial, also
due to the fact that
the concept of feature and its role differs across different
frameworks and
linguistic traditions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">Formally
speaking, ‘feature structures’ in formal grammars are
typically attribute-value
matrices, where an attribute (the word ‘feature’ is here often
used as equivalent
to ‘attribute’) generally indicates a <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">parameter</i>
of specification (like ‘tense’), and a value indicates the
exact value of a
parameter (like ‘present’, for the parameter tense); the
‘matrix’ is
constituted by a set of such attribute-value pairs, together
characterizing a
unit, whose properties often are complex enough to require a
set of
attribute-value pairs.(See for instance Pollard and Sag 1994,
Butt et al. 1999,
Bresnan 2001, Copestake 2002, on how these notions are
implemented in HPSG and
LFG.) Formal operations defined on features in these settings
are for instance ‘unification’,
and ‘merge’. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">In more ‘substantive’
interpretations, features are more conceived as phenomena,
such as tense,
aspect, case, etc. Although the ‘formal’ and ‘substantive’
uses are of course interrelated,
there is thus a potential ambiguity in the term ‘feature’ when
used, being either
to be understood as an ‘attribute’ relative to a formal
setting, or a
linguistically interesting property of items. When speaking of
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">interaction </i>between
features, this in
turn may relate either to how sets of attribute-value pairs in
a matrix are formally
organized, or to how phenomena are interrelated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span
style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>In
recent minimalist theory (Chomsky 1995, 2000, 2001) the notion
has been linked
to that of “interpretability”: the simplest notion of
uninterpretable feature
is as one which lacks either its attribute or its value (but
see Pesetsky &
Torrego 2001, 2007 for a different view). Features may
interact by forming
hierarchies (or feature geometries, to borrow a term from
phonology). One thing
that mainstream minimalist theory has overlooked, however, is
the possibility
that certain features may be “deeper”, than others. Here
several questions
arise: one is the possibility that the notion of pleiotropy
from genetics may
be useful and, perhaps, more than just a useful analogy (see
Biberauer &
Roberts 2015).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>If this
idea is correct,
then the question which naturally arises is which the
allegedly pleiotropic
features are. Nearly all frameworks have some place for
notions such as Person,
Tense, etc., as they are so cross-linguistically common. Hence
one central theme
of the workshop will be to compare treatments of these
linguistic properties
across frameworks, especially if they are seen as
linguistically significant
features. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">In typological
research, at least the following approaches can be mentionedas
relevant to the
theme of features:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">1) The study of
grammaticalization/universality/areality of features,
including prominence of
certain features in particular languages (e.g., Bhat 1999
distinguishes between
aspect-dominated languages with temporal meanings as an
implicature, and tense-oriented
<br>
languages, where tense would be expressed and aspect
implicated).<br>
2) Features and universal gram-types in the sense of
Bybee/Dahl (e.g., Bybee &
Dahl 1989) and more generally, to what extent individual
categories are universal
or language particular (cf. a discussion between Haspelmath
and Newmeyer in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Linguistic
Typology</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Language</i>;
Haspelmath 2007, 2010, Newmeyer
2007, 2010).<br>
3) Holistic typologies as “coalitions” of features: on this
view certain
features tend to co-occur possibly leading to holistic
language types (cf.,
e.g., early work by Czech typologists reviewed by Sgall 1985).
More recently
holistic typologies have not enjoyed much popularity in
typology, butperhapssome
basic insights can be recovered from Corbett’s canonical
typology (Brown et al
2013) perspective where one also deals with somewhat idealized
types.It also
lines up with generative work on parametric variation,
following work <a
style="mso-comment-reference:x_1;mso-comment-date:20151029T1251">by
Baker
(1988, 1996), Huang (2015) and Roberts (2012).<br>
</a></span><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span
style="font-size:8.0pt"><span
style="mso-special-character:comment"></span></span></span><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">4)
Local interaction of features, including interaction of
morphological features
(see, e.g., Malchukov 2011 on “present perfectives” and other
infelicitous feature
combinations; cf. also Xrakovskij 1996; Plank &
Schellinger 1997; Aikhenvald
& Dixon 1998), as well as resolution of feature conflicts
in syntax (e.g.,
choice of agreement with coordinate subjects with
incommensurable gender
values; Corbett 2012).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">In view of these various
traditions and frameworks, we
think there is significant potential in furthering the
cross-school
understanding of analytic practices pertaining to the notions
mentioned, and we
therefore invite scholars across frameworks to present or
discuss projects and
research traditions from the viewpoint of the roles that
features and feature
representations play in them. Papers on issues in relation to
the putatively
pleiotropic features Tense, Case and Person are particularly
encouraged,
likewise presentations of the typological approaches
mentioned; papers
addressing semantic features are also very much welcome. In
conclusion, we
stress once more that the workshop topic is formulated
intentionally broadly,
since one of the goals of the workshop is methodological: to
promote a dialogue
between typologically minded scholars representing different
research
traditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">Submission</span></b><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Please send preliminary
abstracts of no more than 300
words by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">November 17</b>
to the workshop
organizers at: </span><a href="mailto:lars.hellan@ntnu.no"><span
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">lars.hellan@ntnu.no</span></a><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">, </span><a href="mailto:malchuko@uni-mainz.de"><span
style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-US" lang="EN-US">malchuko@uni-mainz.de</span></a><span
style="color:black;
mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">,
and </span><a href="mailto:igr20@cam.ac.uk"><span
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">igr20@cam.ac.uk</span></a><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Abstracts will be
evaluated by the organizers, and
selected abstracts will accompany the workshop proposal. We
will notify you of
inclusion in the workshop proposal when we submit it on
November 25. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Note that if your
abstract is included in the workshop
and the workshop is accepted, you will also need to submit a
full abstract of
up to 500 words to be reviewed by the SLE scientific
committee. The deadline
for the submission of full abstracts is <b>January 15, 2016</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">For further information,
please refer to the SLE
meeting webpage at </span><a
href="http://sle2016.eu/call-for-papers"><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://sle2016.eu/call-for-papers">http://sle2016.eu/call-for-papers</a></span></a><span
style="color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
lang="EN-US">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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text-autospace:none"><span
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