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<div>Hi Eitan,<br class="">
In Rawang there is an agentive nominaliser, -shu, derived historically from a general third person form found in many Tibeto-Burman languages, *su (including the names of many Tibeto-Burman languages, e.g. Lisu, Nuosu). I discuss it in the following paper:<br class="">
<font color="#5856d6" class=""><br class="">
</font><span lang="EN-AU" class="" style="line-height:16pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'">LaPolla, Randy J. 2008a.
</span><span lang="EN-AU" class="" style="line-height:16pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'">Nominalization in Rawang.
<i class="">Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area</i> 31.2:45-66.</span><br class="">
<span lang="EN-AU" class="" style="font-size:12pt; line-height:115%; font-family:'Times New Roman'"> </span><span lang="EN-US" class="" style="font-size:11pt; line-height:115%; font-family:Calibri"><a href="http://randylapolla.net/papers/LaPolla_2008_Nominalization_in_Rawang.pdf" class=""><span lang="EN-AU" class="" style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman"">http://randylapolla.net/papers/LaPolla_2008_Nominalization_in_Rawang.pdf</span></a></span> <br class="">
<font color="#5856d6" class=""><br class="">
</font>As Guillaume said, there are also agentive nominalisations from the use of a word for ‘person’ initially as the head of a relative clause, which then comes to be reanalysed as a nominaliser (though the morpheme that is sometimes grammaticalized into
an agentive marker in other languages, *pa, acts as a non-agentive nominalizer in Tibetan). See the following paper for discussion and exemplification:<br class="">
<font color="#5856d6" class=""><br class="">
</font><span lang="EN-AU" class="" style="line-height:16pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'">LaPolla, Randy J. 2008b.
</span><span lang="EN-AU" class="" style="line-height:16pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:-18pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'">Relative clause structures in the Rawang language.
<i class="">Language and Linguistics</i> 9.4:797-812.</span><br class="">
<a href="http://randylapolla.net/papers/LaPolla_2008_Relative_Clause_Structures_in_the_Rawang_Language.pdf" class="" style="font-size:11pt; line-height:115%; font-family:Calibri">http://randylapolla.net/papers/LaPolla_2008_Relative_Clause_Structures_in_the_Rawang_Language.pdf</a><br class="">
<font color="#5856d6" class=""><br class="">
</font>Randy<br class="">
<span class="" style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:10pt; background-color:white">-----</span><br class="">
<span class="" style="orphans:2; widows:2; font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); background-color:white"><b class="">Prof. Randy J. LaPolla, PhD FAHA</b> （羅</span><span class="" style="orphans:2; widows:2; color:rgb(34,34,34); background-color:white; font-size:13px"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="Song">仁地</font></span><span class="" style="orphans:2; widows:2; font-size:10pt; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); background-color:white">）|
Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies | Nanyang Technological University</span><br class="">
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<div class="">On 6 Jan 2016, at 6:07 pm, Eitan Grossman <<a href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il" class="">eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il</a>> wrote:<br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class=""></blockquote>
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
</font>Dear all,<br class="">
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
</font>I am writing to ask a question about 'agent'* nominalizations across languages. I am interested in agent nominalizers that do or don't have known diachronic sources, in the attempt to understand which diachronic pathways are attested (and hopefully,
their relative frequency/rarity). For example, some languages have:<br class="">
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
</font>(a) bound morphemes whose diachronic source is clearly identifiable, whether lexical (Japanese -nin or -sya 'person; Khwe and Meskwaki are similar, or Japanese -te 'hand') or grammatical (Serbo-Croatian -l(o) from an original instrumental meaning, perhaps
similarly for Afroasiatic m-).<br class="">
(b) bound morphemes whose diachronic source may be mysterious or reconstructible as such to the proto-language (Quechuan -q?, Malay-Indonesian peng-/pe-?).<br class="">
(c) free morphemes whose diachronic source is clearly identifiable (Ponoapean olen ''man of')<br class="">
(d) more complex constructions involving the reduction of modifier clauses of some sort (Coptic ref- < ultimately from 'person who verbs')<br class="">
(e) rarer morphosyntactic alternations, like reduplication of the initial syllable (Hadze, Serer), vowel length (Akan), vowel raising (+breathiness) (Nuer) <br class="">
(f) no such nominalizer mentioned, or explicitly mentioned that there is no dedicated agent noun construction. In some languages, ad hoc formation via relatives is the only (Tlapanec), main, or a supplementary strategy (e.g., Indonesian relativizer yang).<br class="">
(g) zero conversion<br class="">
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
</font>There is nice paper by Luschuetzky & Rainer in STUF 2011, but it deals almost exclusively with affixes and only rarely mentions diachronic information.<br class="">
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
</font>From a <u class="">very</u> preliminary survey of grammars, it looks like the origin of agent nominalizers is often pretty obscure, and the shortest and most bound morphemes look to be very old, quite expectedly. Identifiable lexical sources seem to
converge around 'person, thing' or body parts. Reduction of complex constructions to an affix seems to be rare but attested. <br class="">
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
</font><b class="">So, here's the question: in your languages, is the diachronic source of agent nominalizers identifiable? </b> I'd be grateful for any information you might be willing to share!<br class="">
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
</font>Best,<br class="">
Eitan<br class="">
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
</font>*Disclaimer: even though this is a common term, most languages I've seen don't single out the semantic role of agent, and this is often noted in theoretical discussions. Also, such nominalizations don't have to be derivational or even 'morphological.'<br class="">
<font color="#00afcd" class=""><br class="">
<br class="">
<br class="">
</font>Eitan Grossman<br class="">
Lecturer, Department of Linguistics/School of Language Sciences<br class="">
Hebrew University of Jerusalem<br class="">
Tel: +972 2 588 3809<br class="">
Fax: +972 2 588 1224<br class="">
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