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<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">
<DIV>Giorgio Arcodia has written :</DIV>
<DIV><<<FONT face="Times New Roman">Dear Eitan,<BR><BR>As to my native
Italian, the first two <BR>agentive  morphemes that come to my
mind are -tore (< Latin -tor) and -aio /  -aro (< Latin
-arius). I wouldn't know where the Latin forms come  from, but
it might be an easy question for a
specialist.>></FONT><BR>
If Ital. <EM>–aio/-aro, –aia/-ara</EM> have a clear etymological source in
Lat. –<EM>arius/-aria, </EM>the etymon of the Lat. suffix remains completely
obscure (case b. in Eitan’s list : when we arrive at the protolanguage the
grams/morphemes remain mysterious: ‘arbitraire du signe’! ) A quite
different case is quoted in La Polla’s answer: <FONT face="Times New Roman">“In
Rawang there is an agentive nominaliser, -shu, derived historically from a
general third person form found in many Tibeto-Burman languages.” See also what
he adds, referring to Guillaume: “there are also agentive nominalisations from
the use of a word for ‘person’ ”. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Best,</DIV>
<DIV>Paolo</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000">Prof.Paolo
Ramat<BR>Academia Europaea</DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri'; COLOR: #000000"><BR> </DIV>
<DIV
style='FONT-SIZE: small; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri"; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline'>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt tahoma">
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #f5f5f5">
<DIV style="font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A title=dlpayne@uoregon.edu
href="mailto:dlpayne@uoregon.edu">Doris Payne</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, January 06, 2016 6:23 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il
href="mailto:eitan.grossman@mail.huji.ac.il">'Eitan Grossman'</A> ; <A
title=LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org
href="mailto:LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org">'LINGTYP'</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Lingtyp] agent nominalization</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV></DIV>
<DIV
style='FONT-SIZE: small; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri"; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline'>
<DIV class=WordSection1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>You
may find the following paper of interest. The paper lists quite a number of
nominalizers in this Eastern Nilotic language, but especially explores the
patterning of two nominalizers relative to semantic role versus animacy, and
lexical aspect of the verb roots involved. (Un)known and/or speculated-on
diachronic sources are also listed.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt">Payne, Doris L. and Derek
Olsen. 2009. Maa (Maasai) Nominalization: Animacy, Agentivity and
Instrument.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt">In Selected Proceedings of
the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. Masangu Matondo,
Fiona<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt">Mc Laughlin, and Eric
Potsdam, 151-165. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. <A
href="http://www.lingref.com">www.lingref.com</A>, document
#2143<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14.5pt"><A
href="http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/38/paper2143.pdf">http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/38/paper2143.pdf</A>
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoListParagraph
style="TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'><SPAN
style="mso-list: ignore">-<SPAN
style='FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman"'>
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>Doris<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>_______________________<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>Doris
L. Payne<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>Professor
of Linguistics<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>Interim
Director, African Studies<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>University
of Oregon<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>Eugene,
Oregon 97403<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><I><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'>541-346-3894<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif; COLOR: #1f497d'><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
style='FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri",sans-serif'> Lingtyp
[mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Eitan
Grossman<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, January 06, 2016 2:07 AM<BR><B>To:</B>
LINGTYP <LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org><BR><B>Subject:</B> [Lingtyp]
agent nominalization<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt">Dear all,<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>I am writing to ask a question about 'agent'* nominalizations
across languages. I am interested in agent nominalizers that do or don't have
known diachronic sources, in the attempt to understand which diachronic pathways
are attested (and hopefully, their relative frequency/rarity). For example, some
languages have:<BR><BR>(a) bound morphemes whose diachronic source is clearly
identifiable, whether lexical (Japanese -nin or -sya 'person; Khwe and Meskwaki
are similar, or Japanese -te 'hand') or grammatical (Serbo-Croatian -l(o) from
an original instrumental meaning, perhaps similarly for Afroasiatic
m-).<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>(b) bound morphemes whose diachronic source may be mysterious
or reconstructible as such to the proto-language (Quechuan -q?, Malay-Indonesian
peng-/pe-?).<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>(c) free morphemes whose diachronic source is clearly
identifiable (Ponoapean olen ''man of')<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>(d) more complex constructions involving the reduction of
modifier clauses of some sort (Coptic ref- < ultimately from 'person who
verbs')<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>(e) rarer morphosyntactic alternations, like reduplication of
the initial syllable (Hadze, Serer), vowel length (Akan), vowel raising
(+breathiness) (Nuer) <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>(f) no such nominalizer mentioned, or explicitly mentioned
that there is no dedicated agent noun construction. In some languages, ad hoc
formation via relatives is the only (Tlapanec), main, or a supplementary
strategy (e.g., Indonesian relativizer yang).<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>(g) zero conversion<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt">There is nice paper by
Luschuetzky & Rainer in STUF 2011, but it deals almost exclusively with
affixes and only rarely mentions diachronic information.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt">From a <U>very</U> preliminary
survey of grammars, it looks like the origin of agent nominalizers is often
pretty obscure, and the shortest and most bound morphemes look to be very old,
quite expectedly. Identifiable lexical sources seem to converge around 'person,
thing' or body parts. Reduction of complex constructions to an affix seems to be
rare but attested. <o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B>So, here's the question: in your languages, is the
diachronic source of agent nominalizers identifiable? </B>I'd be grateful for
any information you might be willing to share!<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p></o:p> </P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Best,<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt">Eitan<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>*Disclaimer: even though this is a common term, most
languages I've seen don't single out the semantic role of agent, and this is
often noted in theoretical discussions. Also, such nominalizations don't have to
be derivational or even 'morphological.'<BR clear=all><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><o:p></o:p> </P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><BR>Eitan Grossman<o:p></o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Lecturer, Department of Linguistics/School of Language
Sciences<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Hebrew University of Jerusalem<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Tel: +972 2 588 3809<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal>Fax: +972 2 588
1224<o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<P>
<HR>
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